Deuteronomy 2-3

Contemporary English Version

2 ¹^(A) We spent many years wandering around outside the hill country of Seir,^[a] ²until the Lord said:

Moses, ³Israel has wandered in these hills long enough. Turn and go north. ⁴^(B) And give the people these orders: “Be very careful, because you will soon go through the land that belongs to your relatives, the descendants of Esau.^[b] They are afraid of you, ⁵but don't start a war with them. I have given them the hill country of Seir, so I won't give any of it to you, not even enough to set a foot on. ⁶And as you go through their land, you will have to buy food and water from them.”

⁷The Lord has helped us and taken care of us during the past 40 years that we have been in this huge desert. We've had everything we needed, and the Lord has blessed us and made us successful in whatever we have done.

⁸We went past the territory that belonged to our relatives, the descendants of Esau.^[c] We followed Arabah Road that starts in the south at Elath and Ezion-Geber, then we turned onto the desert road that leads to Moab.

⁹^(C) The Lord told me, “Don't try to start a war with Moab. Leave them alone, because I gave the land of Ar^[d] to them,^[e] and I will not let you have any of it.”

Tribes That Lived near Canaan

¹⁰Before the Lord gave the Moabites their land, a large and powerful tribe lived there. They were the Emim, and they were as tall as the Anakim. ¹¹The Moabites called them Emim, though others sometimes used the name Rephaim^[f] for both the Anakim and the Emim.

¹²The Horites used to live in Seir, but the Edomites^[g] took over that region. They killed many of the Horites and forced the rest of them to leave, just as Israel did to the people in the land that the Lord gave them.

Israel Crossed the Zered Gorge

Moses said to Israel:

¹³When we came to the Zered Gorge along the southern border of Moab, the Lord told us to cross the gorge into Moab, and we did. ¹⁴^(D) This was 38 years after we left Kadesh-Barnea, and by that time all the men who had been in the army at Kadesh-Barnea had died, just as the Lord had said they would. ^15-16The Lord kept getting rid of^[h] them until finally none of them were left.

¹⁷Then the Lord told me, ¹⁸“Moses, now go past the town of Ar and cross Moab's northern border ¹⁹^(E) into Ammon. But don't start a war with the Ammonites. I gave them^[i] their land, and I won't give any of it to Israel.”

More Nations That Lived near Canaan

²⁰Before the Ammonites conquered the land that the Lord had given them, some of the Rephaim used to live there, although the Ammonites called them Zamzummim. ²¹The Zamzummim were a large and powerful tribe and were as tall as the Anakim.^[j] But the Lord helped the Ammonites, and they killed many of the Zamzummim and forced the rest to leave. Then the Ammonites settled there. ²²The Lord helped them as he had helped the Edomites,^[k] who killed many of the Horites in Seir and forced the rest to leave before settling there themselves.

²³A group called the Avvim used to live in villages as far south as Gaza, but the Philistines^[l] killed them and settled on their land.

Israel Crossed the Arnon Gorge

Moses said:

²⁴After we went through Ammon, the Lord told us:

Israel, pack up your possessions, take down your tents, and cross the Arnon River gorge.^[m] The territory of the Amorite King Sihon of Heshbon lies on the other side of the river, but I now give you his land. So attack and take it! ²⁵Today I will start making all other nations afraid of you. They will tremble with fear when anyone mentions you, and they will be terrified when you show up.

The Defeat of King Sihon of Heshbon

(Numbers 21.21-30)

Moses said to Israel:

²⁶After we had crossed the Arnon and had set up camp in the Kedemoth Desert, I sent messengers to King Sihon of Heshbon, telling him that his nation and ours could be at peace. I said:

²⁷Please let Israel go across your country. We will walk straight through, without turning off the road. ^28-29You can even sell us food and water, and we will pay with silver. We need to reach the Jordan River and cross it, because the Lord our God is giving us the land on the west side. The Edomites and Moabites^[n] have already let us cross their land. Please let us cross your land as well.

^30-31But Sihon refused to let us go across his country, because the Lord made him stubborn and eager to fight us. The Lord told me, “I am going to help you defeat Sihon and take his land, so attack him!”

³²We met Sihon and his army in battle at Jahaz, ³³and the Lord our God helped us defeat them. We killed Sihon, his sons, and everyone else in his army. ³⁴Then we captured and destroyed every town in Sihon's kingdom, killing everyone, ³⁵but keeping the livestock and everything else of value. ³⁶The Lord helped us capture every town from the Arnon River gorge north to the boundary of Gilead, including the town of Aroer on the edge of the gorge and the town in the middle of the gorge.

³⁷However, we stayed away from all the Ammonite towns, both in the hill country and near the Jabbok River, just as the Lord had commanded.

The Defeat of King Og of Bashan

(Numbers 21.31-35)

Moses said to Israel:

3 When we turned onto the road that leads to Bashan, King Og of Bashan led out his whole army to fight us at Edrei. ²But the Lord told me, “Moses, don't be afraid of King Og. I am going to help you defeat him and his army and take over his land. Destroy him and his people, just as you did with the Amorite King Sihon of Heshbon.”

^3-6The Lord our God helped us destroy Og and his army and conquer his entire kingdom of Bashan, including the Argob region. His kingdom had lots of villages and 60 towns with high walls and gates that locked with bars. We completely destroyed^[o] them all, killing everyone, ⁷but keeping the livestock and everything else of value.

⁸Sihon and Og had ruled Amorite kingdoms east of the Jordan River. Their land stretched from the Arnon River gorge in the south to Mount Hermon in the north, and we captured it all. ⁹Mount Hermon is called Mount Sirion by the people of Sidon, and it is called Mount Senir by the Amorites. ¹⁰We captured all the towns in the highlands, all of Gilead, and all of Bashan as far as Salecah and Edrei, two of the towns that Og had ruled.

Og's Coffin

¹¹King Og was the last of the Rephaim,^[p] and his coffin^[q] is in the town of Rabbah in Ammon. It is made of hard black rock^[r] and is four meters long and almost two meters wide.

The Land East of the Jordan River Is Divided

(Numbers 32.1-42)

Moses said to Israel:

^12-17I gave some of the land and towns we captured to the tribes of Reuben and Gad. Their share started at the Arnon River gorge in the south, took in the town of Aroer on the edge of the gorge, and went far enough north to include the southern half of the Gilead region. The northern part of their land went as far east as the upper Jabbok River gorge, which formed their border with the Ammonites.^[s] I also gave them the eastern side of the Jordan River valley, from Lake Galilee^[t] south to the Dead Sea^[u] below the slopes of Mount Pisgah.

I gave the northern half of Gilead and all of the Bashan region to half the tribe of Manasseh.^[v] Bashan had belonged to King Og, and the Argob region in Bashan used to be called the Land of the Rephaim. Jair from the Manasseh tribe conquered the Argob region as far west as the kingdoms of Geshur and Maacah. The Israelites even started calling Bashan by the name “Villages of Jair,”^[w] and that is still its name. I gave the northern half of Gilead to the Machir clan.^[x]

^18-19^(F) At that time I told the men of Reuben, Gad, and East Manasseh:

The Lord our God told me to give you this land with its towns, and that's what I have done. Now your wives and children can stay here with your large flocks of sheep and goats and your large herds of cattle. But all of you men that can serve in our army must cross the Jordan River and help the other tribes, because they are your relatives. ²⁰The Lord will let them defeat the enemy nations on the west side of the Jordan and take their land. Afterwards, you can come back here to the land I gave you.

^21-22Then I told Joshua, “You saw how the Lord our God helped us destroy King Sihon and King Og. So don't be afraid! Wherever you go, the Lord will fight on your side and help you destroy your enemies.”

God Refused To Let Moses Enter Canaan

Moses said to Israel:

²³^(G) At that time I prayed and begged, ²⁴“Our Lord, it seems that you have just begun to show me your great power. No other god in the sky or on earth is able to do the mighty things that you do. ²⁵The land west of the Jordan is such good land. Please let me cross the Jordan and see the hills and the Lebanon Mountains.”

²⁶But the Lord was angry with me because of you people,^[y] and he refused to listen. “That's enough!” he said. “I don't want to hear any more. ²⁷Climb to the top of Mount Pisgah and look north, south, east, and west. Take a good look, but you are not going to cross the Jordan River. ²⁸Joshua will lead Israel across the Jordan to take the land, so help him be strong and brave and tell him what he must do.”

²⁹After this we stayed in the valley at Beth-Peor.

Footnotes

2.1 hill country of Seir: See the note at 1.44.
2.4 your relatives, the descendants of Esau: Esau was the brother of Jacob, the ancestor of the nation of Israel. Esau's descendants were also known as the nation of Edom.
2.8 We went past … Esau: According to Numbers 20.14-21, the king of Edom did not let the Israelites go through his land.
2.9 Ar: One of the main cities of Moab (see Numbers 21.28); sometimes it may have stood for the whole territory of Moab.
2.9 them: The Hebrew text has “the descendants of Lot”; the nation of Moab descended from Moab, who was the son of Lot, the nephew of Abraham.
2.10,11 Emim … Anakim … Rephaim: These may refer to a group or groups of very tall people that lived in or near Palestine before the Israelites (see also Numbers 13.33).
2.12 Edomites: The Hebrew text has “the descendants of Esau,” who became the nation of Edom.
2.15,16 getting rid of: Or “sending diseases on.”
2.19 them: The Hebrew text has “descendants of Lot”; the nation of Ammon descended from Benammi, who was the son of Lot, the nephew of Abraham.
2.21 Anakim: See the note at 2.10,11.
2.22 Edomites: See the note at 2.12.
2.23 Philistines: The Hebrew text has “the Caphtorim from Caphtor,” probably referring to the Philistines who originally came from Crete.
2.24 Arnon River gorge: The northern boundary of Moab's territory and the southern boundary of Sihon's kingdom.
2.28,29 Edomites and Moabites: Hebrew “descendants of Esau, who live in Seir and Moabites who live in Ar.”
3.3-6 completely destroyed: The Hebrew word means that the town was given completely to the Lord, and since it could not be used for normal purposes any more, it had to be destroyed. Every person was killed and sometimes all the animals as well.
3.11 Rephaim: See the note at 2.10,11.
3.11 coffin: Or “bed.”
3.11 hard black rock: The Hebrew text has “iron,” which probably refers to basalt, a hard black rock.
3.12-17 The northern part … border with the Ammonites: The Jabbok River flowed from south to north, then it turned west and formed the northern border of the land belonging to the Reuben and Gad tribes.
3.12-17 Lake Galilee: The Hebrew text has “Lake Chinnereth,” an earlier name.
3.12-17 the Dead Sea: Hebrew “the Sea of the Arabah, the Salt Sea.”
3.12-17 half the tribe of Manasseh: Or “East Manasseh.”
3.12-17 Villages of Jair: Or “Havvoth-Jair.”
3.12-17 Machir clan: One of the clans of the Manasseh tribe.
3.26 But the Lord … people: See 1.37.