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22 Obey my laws and teachings. Or else the land I am giving you will become sick of you and throw you out. 23 The nations I am chasing out did these disgusting things, and I hated them for it, so don't follow their example. 24 I am the Lord your God, and I have promised you their land that is rich with milk and honey. I have chosen you to be different from other people. 25 That's why you must make a difference between animals and birds that I have said are clean and unclean[a]—this will keep you from becoming disgusting to me. 26 I am the Lord, the holy God. You have been chosen to be my people, and so you must be holy too.

27 If you claim to receive messages from the dead, you will be put to death by stoning, just as you deserve.

Instructions for Priests

21 The Lord gave Moses these instructions for Aaron's sons, the priests:

Touching a dead body will make you unclean. So don't go near a dead relative, except your mother, father, son, daughter, brother, or an unmarried sister, who has no husband to take care of her. Don't make yourself unclean by attending the funeral of someone related to you by marriage.[b] (A) Don't shave any part of your head or trim your beard or cut yourself to show that you are mourning. I am the Lord your God, and I have chosen you alone to offer sacrifices of food to me on the altar. That's why you must keep yourselves holy. Don't marry a divorced woman or a woman who has served as a temple prostitute. You are holy, because I am holy. And so, you must be treated with proper respect, since you offer food sacrifices to me, the God of holiness.

If any of you priests has a daughter who disgraces you by serving as a temple prostitute, she must be burned to death.

10 If you are the high priest, you must not mess up your hair or tear your clothes in order to mourn for the dead. 11 Don't make yourself unclean by going near a dead body, not even that of your own father or mother. 12 If you leave the sacred place to attend a funeral, both you and the sacred place become unclean, because you are the high priest.

13 If you are the high priest, you must marry only a virgin 14 from your own tribe. Don't marry a divorced woman or any other woman who has already had sex, including a temple prostitute. 15 In this way, your descendants will be qualified to serve me. Remember—I am the Lord, and I have chosen you.

16 The Lord told Moses 17-18 to say to Aaron:

No descendant of yours can ever serve as my priest if he is blind or lame, if his face is disfigured, if one leg is shorter than the other, 19 if either a foot or a hand is paralyzed, 20 if he is a hunchback or a dwarf, if an eye or his skin is diseased, or if his testicles have been damaged. 21 These men may not serve as my priests and burn sacrifices to me. 22 They may eat the food offerings presented to me, 23 but they may not enter the sacred place or serve me at the altar. Remember—I am the Lord, the one who makes a priest holy.

24 Moses told all of this to Aaron, his sons, and the people of Israel.

The Offerings Are Holy

22 The Lord told Moses to say to Aaron and his sons:

I am the Lord God, and I demand that you honor my holy name by showing proper respect for the offerings brought to me by the people of Israel. If any of you are unclean when you accept an offering for me, I will no longer let you serve as a priest. None of you may take part in the sacred meals while you have a skin disease or an infected penis, or after you have been near a dead body or have had a flow of semen, or if you have touched an unclean creature of any sort, including an unclean person. 6-7 Once you are unclean, you must take a bath, but you still cannot eat any of the sacred food until evening. I command you not to eat anything that is killed by a wild animal or dies a natural death. This would make you unclean. Obey me, or you will die on duty for disgracing the place of worship. Remember—I am the Lord, the one who makes a priest holy.

10 Only you priests and your families may eat the food offerings; these are too sacred for any of your servants. 11 However, any slave that you own, including those born into your household, may eat this food. 12 If your daughter marries someone who isn't a priest, she can no longer have any of this food. 13 But if she returns to your home, either widowed or divorced, and has no children, she may join in the meal. Only members of a priestly family can eat this food, 14 and anyone else who accidentally does so, must pay for the food plus a fine of 20 percent.

15 I warn you not to treat lightly the offerings that are brought by the people of Israel. 16 Don't let them become guilty of eating this sacred food. Remember—I am the Lord, the one who makes these offerings holy.

Footnotes

  1. 20.25 clean and unclean: See the note at 11.4-8.
  2. 21.4 marriage: One possible meaning for the difficult Hebrew text of verse 4.

22 “‘Keep all my decrees and laws(A) and follow them, so that the land(B) where I am bringing you to live may not vomit you out. 23 You must not live according to the customs of the nations(C) I am going to drive out before you.(D) Because they did all these things, I abhorred them.(E) 24 But I said to you, “You will possess their land; I will give it to you as an inheritance, a land flowing with milk and honey.”(F) I am the Lord your God, who has set you apart from the nations.(G)

25 “‘You must therefore make a distinction between clean and unclean animals and between unclean and clean birds.(H) Do not defile yourselves by any animal or bird or anything that moves along the ground—those that I have set apart as unclean for you. 26 You are to be holy to me(I) because I, the Lord, am holy,(J) and I have set you apart from the nations(K) to be my own.

27 “‘A man or woman who is a medium(L) or spiritist among you must be put to death.(M) You are to stone them;(N) their blood will be on their own heads.’”

Rules for Priests

21 The Lord said to Moses, “Speak to the priests, the sons of Aaron,(O) and say to them: ‘A priest must not make himself ceremonially unclean(P) for any of his people who die,(Q) except for a close relative, such as his mother or father,(R) his son or daughter, his brother, or an unmarried sister who is dependent on him since she has no husband—for her he may make himself unclean.(S) He must not make himself unclean for people related to him by marriage,[a] and so defile himself.

“‘Priests must not shave(T) their heads or shave off the edges of their beards(U) or cut their bodies.(V) They must be holy to their God(W) and must not profane the name of their God.(X) Because they present the food offerings to the Lord,(Y) the food of their God,(Z) they are to be holy.(AA)

“‘They must not marry women defiled by prostitution or divorced from their husbands,(AB) because priests are holy to their God.(AC) Regard them as holy,(AD) because they offer up the food of your God.(AE) Consider them holy, because I the Lord am holy—I who make you holy.(AF)

“‘If a priest’s daughter defiles herself by becoming a prostitute, she disgraces her father; she must be burned in the fire.(AG)

10 “‘The high priest, the one among his brothers who has had the anointing oil poured on his head(AH) and who has been ordained to wear the priestly garments,(AI) must not let his hair become unkempt[b] or tear his clothes.(AJ) 11 He must not enter a place where there is a dead body.(AK) He must not make himself unclean,(AL) even for his father or mother,(AM) 12 nor leave the sanctuary(AN) of his God or desecrate it, because he has been dedicated by the anointing oil(AO) of his God. I am the Lord.

13 “‘The woman he marries must be a virgin.(AP) 14 He must not marry a widow, a divorced woman, or a woman defiled by prostitution, but only a virgin from his own people, 15 so that he will not defile his offspring among his people. I am the Lord, who makes him holy.’”

16 The Lord said to Moses, 17 “Say to Aaron: ‘For the generations to come none of your descendants who has a defect(AQ) may come near to offer the food of his God.(AR) 18 No man who has any defect(AS) may come near: no man who is blind(AT) or lame,(AU) disfigured or deformed; 19 no man with a crippled foot or hand, 20 or who is a hunchback or a dwarf, or who has any eye defect, or who has festering or running sores or damaged testicles.(AV) 21 No descendant of Aaron the priest who has any defect(AW) is to come near to present the food offerings to the Lord.(AX) He has a defect; he must not come near to offer the food of his God.(AY) 22 He may eat the most holy food of his God,(AZ) as well as the holy food; 23 yet because of his defect,(BA) he must not go near the curtain or approach the altar, and so desecrate my sanctuary.(BB) I am the Lord, who makes them holy.(BC)’”

24 So Moses told this to Aaron and his sons and to all the Israelites.

22 The Lord said to Moses, “Tell Aaron and his sons to treat with respect the sacred offerings(BD) the Israelites consecrate to me, so they will not profane my holy name.(BE) I am the Lord.(BF)

“Say to them: ‘For the generations to come, if any of your descendants is ceremonially unclean and yet comes near the sacred offerings that the Israelites consecrate to the Lord,(BG) that person must be cut off from my presence.(BH) I am the Lord.

“‘If a descendant of Aaron has a defiling skin disease[c] or a bodily discharge,(BI) he may not eat the sacred offerings until he is cleansed. He will also be unclean if he touches something defiled by a corpse(BJ) or by anyone who has an emission of semen, or if he touches any crawling thing(BK) that makes him unclean, or any person(BL) who makes him unclean, whatever the uncleanness may be. The one who touches any such thing will be unclean(BM) till evening.(BN) He must not eat any of the sacred offerings unless he has bathed himself with water.(BO) When the sun goes down, he will be clean, and after that he may eat the sacred offerings, for they are his food.(BP) He must not eat anything found dead(BQ) or torn by wild animals,(BR) and so become unclean(BS) through it. I am the Lord.(BT)

“‘The priests are to perform my service(BU) in such a way that they do not become guilty(BV) and die(BW) for treating it with contempt. I am the Lord, who makes them holy.(BX)

10 “‘No one outside a priest’s family may eat the sacred offering, nor may the guest of a priest or his hired worker eat it.(BY) 11 But if a priest buys a slave with money, or if slaves are born in his household, they may eat his food.(BZ) 12 If a priest’s daughter marries anyone other than a priest, she may not eat any of the sacred contributions. 13 But if a priest’s daughter becomes a widow or is divorced, yet has no children, and she returns to live in her father’s household as in her youth, she may eat her father’s food. No unauthorized person, however, may eat it.

14 “‘Anyone who eats a sacred offering by mistake(CA) must make restitution to the priest for the offering and add a fifth of the value(CB) to it. 15 The priests must not desecrate the sacred offerings(CC) the Israelites present to the Lord(CD) 16 by allowing them to eat(CE) the sacred offerings and so bring upon them guilt(CF) requiring payment.(CG) I am the Lord, who makes them holy.(CH)’”

Footnotes

  1. Leviticus 21:4 Or unclean as a leader among his people
  2. Leviticus 21:10 Or not uncover his head
  3. Leviticus 22:4 The Hebrew word for defiling skin disease, traditionally translated “leprosy,” was used for various diseases affecting the skin.