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Among these were Judeans, Daniel, Hananiah, Mishael, and Azariah. [a]The chief chamberlain changed their names: Daniel to Belteshazzar, Hananiah to Shadrach, Mishael to Meshach, and Azariah to Abednego.

But Daniel was resolved not to defile himself with the king’s food or wine; so he begged the chief chamberlain to spare him this defilement.[b]

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Footnotes

  1. 1:7 Other prominent Jews with Babylonian names include Sheshbazzar and Zerubabbel, who were leaders of the postexilic community.
  2. 1:8 This defilement: the bread, meat, and wine of the Gentiles were unclean (Hos 9:3; Tb 1:12; Jdt 10:5; 12:1–2) because they might have been offered to idols; and the meat may not have been drained of blood, as Jewish dietary law requires. This test relates to the attempt of Antiochus to force Jews to eat forbidden foods in contempt of their religion (1 Mc 1:62–63; 2 Mc 6:18; 7:1).

Among those who were chosen were some from Judah: Daniel,(A) Hananiah, Mishael and Azariah.(B) The chief official gave them new names: to Daniel, the name Belteshazzar;(C) to Hananiah, Shadrach; to Mishael, Meshach; and to Azariah, Abednego.(D)

But Daniel resolved not to defile(E) himself with the royal food and wine, and he asked the chief official for permission not to defile himself this way.

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