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Medo-Persia and Greece

39 After you will arise another kingdom (Medo-Persia) inferior to you, and then a third kingdom of bronze (Greece under Alexander the Great), which will rule over all the earth.

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39 “After you, another kingdom will arise, inferior to yours. Next, a third kingdom, one of bronze, will rule over the whole earth.(A)

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The Ram’s Identity

20 The ram which you saw with the two horns represents the kings of Media and Persia.

The Goat

21 The shaggy (rough-coated) male goat represents the kingdom of Greece, and the great horn between his eyes is the [a]first king. 22 Regarding the shattered horn and the [b]four others that arose in its place, four kingdoms will rise from his (Alexander’s) nation, although not with his power and heritage.

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Footnotes

  1. Daniel 8:21 I.e. Alexander the Great, who consolidated the empire.
  2. Daniel 8:22 The four generals who divided the empire established by Alexander were: Seleucus (the north—Syria, Israel, Mesopotamia); Ptolemy (the south—Egypt, parts of Asia Minor); Lysimachus (the east—Thrace, parts of Asia Minor); and Cassander (the west—Greece, Macedonia).

20 The two-horned ram that you saw represents the kings of Media and Persia.(A) 21 The shaggy goat is the king of Greece,(B) and the large horn between its eyes is the first king.(C) 22 The four horns that replaced the one that was broken off represent four kingdoms that will emerge from his nation but will not have the same power.

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