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From one of them came a small horn,[a] but it grew to be very great toward the south and the east and toward the beautiful land.[b] 10 It grew so great it reached the army[c] of heaven, and it brought about the fall of some of the army and some of the stars[d] to the ground, where it trampled them. 11 It also acted arrogantly against the Prince of the army,[e] from whom[f] the daily sacrifice was removed and whose sanctuary[g] was thrown down.

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Footnotes

  1. Daniel 8:9 sn This small horn is Antiochus IV Epiphanes, who controlled the Seleucid kingdom from ca. 175-164 b.c. Antiochus was extremely hostile toward the Jews and persecuted them mercilessly.
  2. Daniel 8:9 sn The expression the beautiful land (Heb. הַצֶּבִי [hatsevi] = “the beauty”) is a cryptic reference to the land of Israel. Cf. 11:16, 41, where it is preceded by the word אֶרֶץ (ʾerets, “land”).
  3. Daniel 8:10 tn Traditionally, “host.” The term refers to God’s heavenly angelic assembly, which he sometimes leads into battle as an army.
  4. Daniel 8:10 sn In prescientific Israelite thinking the stars were associated with the angelic members of God’s heavenly assembly. See Judg 5:20; Job 38:7; Isa 40:26. In west Semitic mythology the stars were members of the high god’s divine assembly (see Isa 14:13).
  5. Daniel 8:11 sn The prince of the army may refer to God (cf. “whose sanctuary” later in the verse) or to the angel Michael (cf. 12:1).
  6. Daniel 8:11 tn Or perhaps “and by him,” referring to Antiochus rather than to God.
  7. Daniel 8:11 sn Here the sanctuary is a reference to the temple of God in Jerusalem.