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31 You shall not worship the Lord, your God, that way, because they offered to their gods every abomination that the Lord detests, even burning their sons and daughters to their gods.(A)

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31 You must not worship the Lord your God in their way, because in worshiping their gods, they do all kinds of detestable things the Lord hates.(A) They even burn their sons(B) and daughters in the fire as sacrifices to their gods.(C)

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18 Anyone who lies with an animal shall be put to death.(A)

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21 (A)You shall not offer any of your offspring for immolation to Molech,[a] thus profaning the name of your God. I am the Lord.

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Footnotes

  1. 18:21 Immolation to Molech: the reference is to the custom of sacrificing children to the god Molech. Cf. Ez 16:20–21; 20:26, 31; 23:37. See note on Lv 20:1–5.

31 Do not turn to ghosts or consult spirits, by which you will be defiled.(A) I, the Lord, am your God.

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31 “‘Do not turn to mediums(A) or seek out spiritists,(B) for you will be defiled by them. I am the Lord your God.

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Should anyone turn to ghosts and spirits and prostitute oneself with them,(A) I will turn against that person and cut such a one off from among the people.

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“‘I will set my face against anyone who turns to mediums and spiritists to prostitute themselves by following them, and I will cut them off from their people.(A)

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27 A man or a woman who acts as a medium or clairvoyant(A) shall be put to death. They shall be stoned to death; their bloodguilt is upon them.

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27 “‘A man or woman who is a medium(A) or spiritist among you must be put to death.(B) You are to stone them;(C) their blood will be on their own heads.’”

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Then Saul said to his servants, “Find me a medium[a] through whom I can seek counsel.” His servants answered him, “There is a woman in Endor who is a medium.”(A)

The Medium at Endor. So he disguised himself, putting on other clothes, and set out with two companions. They came to the woman at night, and Saul said to her, “Divine for me; conjure up the spirit I tell you.”(B) But the woman answered him, “You know what Saul has done, how he expelled the mediums and diviners from the land. Then why are you trying to entrap me and get me killed?” 10 But Saul swore to her by the Lord, “As the Lord lives, you shall incur no blame for this.” 11 “Whom do you want me to conjure up?” the woman asked him. “Conjure up Samuel for me,” he replied.

Samuel Appears. 12 When the woman saw Samuel, she shrieked at the top of her voice and said to Saul, “Why have you deceived me? You are Saul!” 13 But the king said to her, “Do not be afraid. What do you see?” “I see a god rising from the earth,” she replied. 14 “What does he look like?” asked Saul. “An old man is coming up wrapped in a robe,” she replied. Saul knew that it was Samuel, and so he bowed his face to the ground in homage.

Saul’s Doom. 15 [b]Samuel then said to Saul, “Why do you disturb me by conjuring me up?” Saul replied: “I am in great distress, for the Philistines are waging war against me and God has turned away from me. Since God no longer answers me through prophets or in dreams, I have called upon you to tell me what I should do.”(C) 16 To this Samuel said: “But why do you ask me, if the Lord has abandoned you for your neighbor?(D) 17 The Lord has done to you what he declared through me: he has torn the kingdom from your hand and has given it to your neighbor David.

18 “Because you disobeyed the Lord’s directive and would not carry out his fierce anger against Amalek, the Lord has done this to you today.(E) 19 Moreover, the Lord will deliver Israel, and you as well, into the hands of the Philistines. By tomorrow you and your sons will be with me, and the Lord will have delivered the army of Israel into the hands of the Philistines.”(F)

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Footnotes

  1. 28:7 A medium: Saul’s own prohibition of necromancy and divination (v. 3) was in keeping with the consistent teaching of the Old Testament (cf. Lv 19:31; 20:6, 27; Dt 18:10).
  2. 28:15–19 The consultation with the medium serves to remind the reader that the Lord’s plan for David marches onward; no sorcery can thwart it.

Saul then said to his attendants, “Find me a woman who is a medium,(A) so I may go and inquire of her.”

“There is one in Endor,(B)” they said.

So Saul disguised(C) himself, putting on other clothes, and at night he and two men went to the woman. “Consult(D) a spirit for me,” he said, “and bring up for me the one I name.”

But the woman said to him, “Surely you know what Saul has done. He has cut off(E) the mediums and spiritists from the land. Why have you set a trap(F) for my life to bring about my death?”

10 Saul swore to her by the Lord, “As surely as the Lord lives, you will not be punished for this.”

11 Then the woman asked, “Whom shall I bring up for you?”

“Bring up Samuel,” he said.

12 When the woman saw Samuel, she cried out at the top of her voice and said to Saul, “Why have you deceived me?(G) You are Saul!”

13 The king said to her, “Don’t be afraid. What do you see?”

The woman said, “I see a ghostly figure[a] coming up out of the earth.”(H)

14 “What does he look like?” he asked.

“An old man wearing a robe(I) is coming up,” she said.

Then Saul knew it was Samuel, and he bowed down and prostrated himself with his face to the ground.

15 Samuel said to Saul, “Why have you disturbed me by bringing me up?”

“I am in great distress,” Saul said. “The Philistines are fighting against me, and God has departed(J) from me. He no longer answers(K) me, either by prophets or by dreams.(L) So I have called on you to tell me what to do.”

16 Samuel said, “Why do you consult me, now that the Lord has departed from you and become your enemy? 17 The Lord has done what he predicted through me. The Lord has torn(M) the kingdom out of your hands and given it to one of your neighbors—to David. 18 Because you did not obey(N) the Lord or carry out his fierce wrath(O) against the Amalekites,(P) the Lord has done this to you today. 19 The Lord will deliver both Israel and you into the hands of the Philistines, and tomorrow you and your sons(Q) will be with me. The Lord will also give the army of Israel into the hands of the Philistines.”

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Footnotes

  1. 1 Samuel 28:13 Or see spirits; or see gods

17 (A)They immolated their sons and daughters by fire. They practiced augury and divination. They surrendered themselves to doing what was evil in the Lord’s sight, and provoked him.

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17 They sacrificed(A) their sons and daughters in the fire. They practiced divination and sought omens(B) and sold(C) themselves to do evil in the eyes of the Lord, arousing his anger.

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He immolated his child by fire. He practiced soothsaying and divination, and reintroduced the consulting of ghosts and spirits.

He did much evil in the Lord’s sight and provoked him to anger.(A)

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He sacrificed his own son(A) in the fire, practiced divination,(B) sought omens, and consulted mediums and spiritists.(C) He did much evil in the eyes of the Lord, arousing(D) his anger.

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10 The king also defiled Topheth in the Valley of Ben-hinnom, so that there would no longer be any immolation of sons or daughters by fire[a] in honor of Molech.(A)

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Footnotes

  1. 23:10 Topheth…by fire: Topheth was a cultic site probably in the Hinnom Valley just west of Jerusalem where, apparently, children were immolated to the deity Molech (Hebrew melek, “king,” deformed in the biblical tradition to “Molech”). The practice was condemned by Deuteronomic law and denounced by Jeremiah (Dt 12:31; Jer 7:29–31). In Jer 19 the deity is identified as the Canaanite god Baal.

10 He desecrated Topheth,(A) which was in the Valley of Ben Hinnom,(B) so no one could use it to sacrifice their son(C) or daughter in the fire to Molek.

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24 Further, Josiah purged the consultation of ghosts and spirits, with the household gods, idols,[a] and all the other horrors to be seen in the land of Judah and in Jerusalem, so that he might carry out the words of the law that were written in the book that Hilkiah the priest had found in the house of the Lord.(A)

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Footnotes

  1. 23:24 Household gods, idols: teraphim. See note on Gn 31:19.

24 Furthermore, Josiah got rid of the mediums and spiritists,(A) the household gods,(B) the idols and all the other detestable(C) things seen in Judah and Jerusalem. This he did to fulfill the requirements of the law written in the book that Hilkiah the priest had discovered in the temple of the Lord.

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19 And when they say to you, “Inquire of ghosts and soothsayers who chirp and mutter;[a](A) should not a people inquire of their gods, consulting the dead on behalf of the living, 20 for instruction and testimony?” Surely, those who speak like this are the ones for whom there is no dawn.[b]

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Footnotes

  1. 8:19 Chirp and mutter: a mocking reference to necromancers.
  2. 8:20 Surely…no dawn: reliance on necromancy brings futility.

The Darkness Turns to Light

19 When someone tells you to consult(A) mediums and spiritists,(B) who whisper and mutter,(C) should not a people inquire(D) of their God? Why consult the dead on behalf of the living? 20 Consult God’s instruction(E) and the testimony of warning.(F) If anyone does not speak according to this word, they have no light(G) of dawn.

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21 Slash to the right!
    turn to the left,
    Wherever your edge is directed!(A)

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21 For the king of Babylon will stop at the fork in the road, at the junction of the two roads, to seek an omen: He will cast lots(A) with arrows, he will consult his idols,(B) he will examine the liver.(C)

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