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(A)He said:

The Lord came from Sinai
    and dawned on his people from Seir;
    he shone forth from Mount Paran.
With him were myriads of holy ones;
    at his right hand advanced the gods.[a]

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Footnotes

  1. 33:2 Gods: the divine beings who constitute the armies of the Lord, the heavenly hosts (Sabaoth); see note on 32:8. These “holy ones” (v. 3) are the retinue of the Lord, the warrior God, in his march from the southern mountains (Sinai, Seir, Paran).

He said:

“The Lord came from Sinai(A)
    and dawned over them from Seir;(B)
    he shone forth(C) from Mount Paran.(D)
He came with[a] myriads of holy ones(E)
    from the south, from his mountain slopes.[b]

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Footnotes

  1. Deuteronomy 33:2 Or from
  2. Deuteronomy 33:2 The meaning of the Hebrew for this phrase is uncertain.

III

God, when you went forth before your people,(A)
    when you marched through the desert,
Selah
The earth quaked, the heavens poured,
    before God, the One of Sinai,
    before God, the God of Israel.

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the earth shook,(A) the heavens poured down rain,(B)
    before God, the One of Sinai,(C)
    before God, the God of Israel.(D)
You gave abundant showers,(E) O God;
    you refreshed your weary inheritance.

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[a]God came from Teman,[b]
    the Holy One from Mount Paran.(A)
Selah

His glory covered the heavens,
    and his praise filled the earth;
    his splendor spread like the light.
He raised his horns high,(B)
    he rejoiced on the day of his strength.
Before him went pestilence,
    and plague[c] followed in his steps.
He stood and shook the earth;
    he looked and made the nations tremble.
Ancient mountains were shattered,
    the age-old hills bowed low,
    age-old orbits[d] collapsed.

The tents of Cushan trembled,
    the pavilions of the land of Midian.[e]
Was your anger against the rivers, O Lord?
    your wrath against the rivers,
    your rage against the sea,[f](C)
That you mounted your steeds,
    your victorious chariot?
You readied your bow,
    you filled your bowstring with arrows.
Selah

You split the earth with rivers;
10     at the sight of you the mountains writhed.
The clouds poured down water;
    the deep roared loudly.
The sun[g] forgot to rise,
11     the moon left its lofty station,(D)
At the light of your flying arrows,
    at the gleam of your flashing spear.

12 In wrath you marched on the earth,
    in fury you trampled the nations.
13 You came forth to save your people,
    to save your anointed one.[h]
You crushed the back of the wicked,
    you laid him bare, bottom to neck.
Selah

14 [i]You pierced his head with your shafts;
    his princes you scattered with your stormwind,
    as food for the poor in unknown places.
15 You trampled the sea with your horses
    amid the churning of the deep waters.

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Footnotes

  1. 3:3–15 Cf. the theophanies in Dt 33:2–3; Jgs 5:4–5; Ps 18:8–16; 68:8–9; 77:17–21; 97:1–5; Na 1:3–6, etc. Conventional language is employed to describe the appearance of the Lord, as in Ex 19:16–19.
  2. 3:3 Teman: a region in Edom. Mount Paran: in the territory of Edom, or the northern part of the Sinai peninsula.
  3. 3:5 Pestilence…plague: these may be figures who are part of the heavenly armies God leads into battle.
  4. 3:6 Age-old orbits: the regular paths through the skies of heavenly bodies are disrupted at the appearance of the divine warrior, as are the ancient mountains on earth. Such cosmic disruption is typical of divine appearances (Ps 18:8; Na 1:5).
  5. 3:7 Cushan…Midian: the inhabitants of the area southeast of Judah where the divine march originates (Teman, Mount Paran), who are shaken, together with the cosmos, at God’s appearance.
  6. 3:8 Rivers…sea: the forces of chaos personified as yam (Sea) and nahar (River) try to destroy the order God imposed at creation by sweeping past their boundaries and covering the earth. Their mention here and in v. 15 emphasizes that God is both creator and deliverer, subduing historical enemies and cosmic forces.
  7. 3:10–11 Sun…moon: heavenly figures who, like pestilence and plague (v. 5), serve in God’s army, or are startled at God’s appearance, as are the ancient constellations (v. 6).
  8. 3:13 Your anointed one: the theocratic king, the head of God’s people. The back of the wicked: this may refer both to God’s cosmic enemy, River/Sea, and to the leader of Israel’s historical enemy.
  9. 3:14 The last two lines of this verse are obscure in Hebrew and difficult to translate.

God came from Teman,(A)
    the Holy One(B) from Mount Paran.[a](C)
His glory covered the heavens(D)
    and his praise filled the earth.(E)
His splendor was like the sunrise;(F)
    rays flashed from his hand,
    where his power(G) was hidden.
Plague(H) went before him;
    pestilence followed his steps.
He stood, and shook the earth;
    he looked, and made the nations tremble.
The ancient mountains crumbled(I)
    and the age-old hills(J) collapsed(K)
    but he marches on forever.(L)
I saw the tents of Cushan in distress,
    the dwellings of Midian(M) in anguish.(N)

Were you angry with the rivers,(O) Lord?
    Was your wrath against the streams?
Did you rage against the sea(P)
    when you rode your horses
    and your chariots to victory?(Q)
You uncovered your bow,
    you called for many arrows.(R)
You split the earth with rivers;
10     the mountains saw you and writhed.(S)
Torrents of water swept by;
    the deep roared(T)
    and lifted its waves(U) on high.

11 Sun and moon stood still(V) in the heavens
    at the glint of your flying arrows,(W)
    at the lightning(X) of your flashing spear.
12 In wrath you strode through the earth
    and in anger you threshed(Y) the nations.
13 You came out(Z) to deliver(AA) your people,
    to save your anointed(AB) one.
You crushed(AC) the leader of the land of wickedness,
    you stripped him from head to foot.
14 With his own spear you pierced his head
    when his warriors stormed out to scatter us,(AD)
gloating as though about to devour
    the wretched(AE) who were in hiding.
15 You trampled the sea(AF) with your horses,
    churning the great waters.(AG)

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Footnotes

  1. Habakkuk 3:3 The Hebrew has Selah (a word of uncertain meaning) here and at the middle of verse 9 and at the end of verse 13.