The Heading

1 The words of Ecclesiastes,^[a] David’s son, king in Jerusalem.

The Problem

² “Nothing but vapor,”^[b] Ecclesiastes said. “Totally vapor. Everything is just vapor that vanishes.”

³ What does anyone gain by all his hard work, at which he works hard under the sun? ⁴ A generation goes and a generation comes, but the earth keeps standing forever. ⁵ The sun rises and the sun sets. It hurries back, panting and out of breath, to its starting point, where it rises again. ⁶ The wind goes round and round. Blowing south, then blowing north, the wind keeps going around in circles. ⁷ All streams keep flowing to the sea, but the sea is never full. The streams keep coming back to the same place, and then they flow out again.

⁸ Everything is tedious and tiresome, more than one can tell. No eye ever sees enough, and no ear ever gets its fill of hearing.

⁹ Whatever has been is what will be again, and whatever has already been done is what will be done again. There is nothing new under the sun. ¹⁰ Is there a single thing about which one can say, “Look, this is new”? It was already here ages ago, long before us. ¹¹ No one remembers the people who^[c] came before us, and as for those who are coming—after they are gone, no one will remember them either.

Search for a Solution

¹² I, Ecclesiastes, have been king over Israel in Jerusalem. ¹³ I applied my heart to seek out and explore with wisdom everything done under the sky.^[d] (What a burdensome task^[e] God has given the children of Adam to keep them busy!) ¹⁴ I have seen all the actions done under the sun, and, look, it is all nothing but vapor. It is all chasing the wind. ¹⁵ Whatever is crooked cannot be straightened. Whatever is not there cannot be counted.

¹⁶ I thought in my heart, “Look, I have become great and accumulated more wisdom than anyone ruling over Jerusalem before me. My mind^[f] has absorbed so much wisdom and knowledge.” ¹⁷ I applied my heart to understand wisdom and knowledge, madness and stupidity. I realized that this too is chasing the wind. ¹⁸ In fact, with much wisdom comes much frustration.^[g] The more knowledge, the more pain!