Esther 9:17-32
New Catholic Bible
17 This took place on the thirteenth day of the month of Adar, and on the fourteenth day of the month they rested and made it a day of feasting and joy.
18 The Jews in Susa, however, had assembled on the thirteenth and fourteenth of the month of Adar. On the fifteenth of the month they rested, and made it a day of feasting and joy.
19 That is why rural Jews, who live in villages, observe the fourteenth of the month of Adar as a day of feasting and rejoicing, a holiday on which they give presents to one another. Instead, those who live in large cities celebrate the fifteenth of Adar as a day of feasting and joy and give presents to each other.[a]
20 The Feast of Purim.[b] Mordecai recorded these events, and dispatched letters to all the Jews throughout the provinces of King Ahasuerus, to both those who were near and those who were far off. 21 He commanded them to celebrate every year the fourteenth and fifteenth days of the month of Adar, 22 as the time when the Jews succeeded in obtaining relief from their enemies and as the month when their sorrow was turned into joy and their mourning into a day of celebration. He wrote them to observe these days as days of feasting and rejoicing, sending food to one another and gifts to the poor.
23 So the Jews accepted all that Mordecai had written to them. 24 For Haman, son of Hammedatha, the Agagite, the enemy of the Jews, had hatched a plot to destroy them and had cast the pur (that is, the lot) for their defeat and destruction. 25 But when Esther entered the royal presence, the king gave written orders that the wicked scheme Haman had devised against the Jews should be turned against him instead and that he and his sons should be hanged on gibbets. 26 (Therefore, these days were called Purim,[c] from the word pur.)
Because of everything mentioned in this letter and because of what they had seen and what they had experienced, 27 the Jews took upon themselves, their descendants, and any who should join them,[d] the inviolable obligation to celebrate these two days every year in the way prescribed and at the time appointed.
28 These days were to be remembered in every generation by every family, and in every province and in every city. Moreover, these days of Purim were never to fall into disuse among the Jews, nor should their memory die out among their descendants.
29 Queen Esther, daughter of Abihail and of Mordecai the Jew, wrote with complete authority to confirm this second letter about Purim. 30 And Mordecai sent documents about peace and security to all the Jews in the one hundred and twenty-seven provinces of Ahasuerus’s kingdom. 31 Thus, there were established, for their appointed time, these days of Purim that Mordecai the Jew and Queen Esther had designated for the Jews, and as they had established for themselves and for their race, the duty of fasting and supplication. 32 Esther’s decree confirmed these rules concerning Purim, and it was recorded in the book.
Chapter 10
The Greatness of Mordecai.1 King Ahasuerus imposed tribute throughout the land to its distant shores.2 And all his acts of power and might, as well as an account of the greatness of Mordecai, whom the king promoted, are set down in the book of the annals of the kings of Media and Persia.3 Mordecai the Jew was second in rank to King Ahasuerus, preeminent among the Jews, and held in high esteem by his fellow Jews because he worked for the good of his people and was the herald of peace for his whole race.
Epilogue
Chapter F
Mordecai’s Dream Fulfilled.[e]1 Then Mordecai said: “All this is God’s doing,2 for I remember the dream I had about these events, and not one of them has failed to be fulfilled—3 the tiny spring that became a river, the light that shone, the sun, the abundance of water. The river is Esther, whom the king married and established as queen.4 The two dragons are Haman and myself.5 The nations are those who joined together to extinguish the name of the Jews.6 And my nation is Israel who cried to God for deliverance and was saved.
“The Lord has saved his people and delivered us from all these evils. God has performed great signs and wonders such as have never before occurred among the nations.7 To accomplish this he prepared two lots,[f] one for the people of God and one for all the nations.8 These lots were cast at the prescribed hour and time, on the day of judgment before God and all the nations.9 And God remembered his people and rendered a verdict of justice in favor of his heritage.
10 “Therefore, they are to assemble with joy and gladness before God and celebrate these days in the month of Adar, on the fourteenth and fifteenth of that month, from generation to generation among his people Israel forever.”
A Postscript about Purim.11 In the fourth year[g] of the reign of Ptolemy and Cleopatra, Dositheus, who said he was a priest and Levite, and his son, Ptolemy, brought to Egypt the preceding letter about Purim, saying that it was genuine and had been translated by Lysimachus, son of Ptolemy, of the community of Jerusalem.
Read full chapterFootnotes
- Esther 9:19 Instead . . . other: found only in the Greek.
- Esther 9:20 Haman had cast the lot (pur) to decide to exterminate the Jews. The latter, providentially vindicated, must celebrate annually the anniversary day of this memorable fact. In reality, the true origin of this feast, which was to take place in February–March, is unknown. Probably these celebrations of the beginning of the year were not very religious at their origin and common to other people. But thanks to the Book of Esther, they have become for the Jewish communities a feast of their freedom. This feast began with a fast, and the Book of Esther was read in the synagogue stressing the maledictions against the enemies of Israel. Hence, popular feasts took place with well sprinkled meals and masked manifestations similar to a carnival.
- Esther 9:26 The Feast of Purim is still celebrated among the Jews. The thirteenth day is a fast and the Book of Esther is read; the fourteenth day, after a new reading from the Book of Esther, is spent joyously recalling and celebrating the divine benefits.
- Esther 9:27 Any who should join them: that is, the proselytes, pagans converted to Judaism.
- Esther 9:32 Historically, it is not very likely that a Jew could have carried out the high functions of Mordecai at the Persian court. He has such importance in the present Book that it could also be called “Mordecai the Jew.” Hence, the Feast of Purim was at times known as Mordecai’s Day (2 Mac 15:36).
- Esther 9:32 Two lots: the Greek text here gives a more religious interpretation of Purim, speaking of lots prepared by God to ascertain the destiny of the people of God and that of all the nations. (See Est 3:7 for another explanation for the name of the feast.) Hence, we know that in 114 B.C. a Jewish community in Egypt received the Book of Esther from the established community in Judea, most likely in connection with the Feast of Purim of which the text speaks.
- Esther 9:32 Fourth year: probably 114 B.C. There were three Ptolemys who had a wife called Cleopatra: Ptolemy VIII (114 B.C.), Ptolemy XII (77 B.C.), and Ptolemy XIV (48 B.C.). Most scholars favor the first here. The preceding letter: a reference to the entire Book of Esther, probably including some of the Additions as well.
