¹¹ So the Egyptians assigned taskmasters over the Israelites to oppress them with forced labor.^(A) They built Pithom and Rameses as supply cities^(B) for Pharaoh.

¹⁰ However, they did not drive out the Canaanites who lived in Gezer.^(A) So the Canaanites still live in Ephraim today,^(B) but they are forced laborers.

¹³ However, when the Israelites grew stronger, they imposed forced labor on the Canaanites but did not drive them out completely.^(A)

²⁸ When Israel became stronger, they made the Canaanites serve as forced labor but never drove them out completely.^(A)

²⁹ At that time Ephraim failed to drive out the Canaanites who were living in Gezer, so the Canaanites have lived among them in Gezer.^(B)

³⁰ Zebulun failed to drive out the residents of Kitron or the residents of Nahalol,^(C) so the Canaanites lived among them and served as forced labor.

³¹ Asher failed to drive out the residents of Acco or of Sidon, or Ahlab, Achzib, Helbah, Aphik, or Rehob. ³² The Asherites lived among the Canaanites who were living in the land, because they failed to drive them out.

³³ Naphtali did not drive out the residents of Beth-shemesh or the residents of Beth-anath. They lived among the Canaanites who were living in the land, but the residents of Beth-shemesh and Beth-anath served as their forced labor.

³⁴ The Amorites^(D) forced the Danites into the hill country and did not allow them to go down into the valley. ³⁵ The Amorites were determined to stay in Har-heres, Aijalon,^(E) and Shaalbim. When the house of Joseph got the upper hand, the Amorites were made to serve as forced labor.

Solomon’s Workforce

¹³ Then King Solomon drafted forced laborers from all Israel;^(A) the labor force numbered thirty thousand men. ¹⁴ He sent ten thousand to Lebanon each month in shifts; one month they were in Lebanon, two months they were at home. Adoniram was in charge of the forced labor.

²¹ their descendants who remained in the land after them, those whom the Israelites were unable to destroy completely^(A)—Solomon imposed forced labor on them; it is still this way today.^(B)