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[a]Now Joseph died and then all his brothers and all that generation. The children of Israel multiplied and grew numerous and very powerful and filled the land.

Harsh Condition of the Children of Israel.[b] Then a new king arose in Egypt who had not known Joseph.

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Footnotes

  1. Exodus 1:6 Scholars estimate that it was more than 200 years from the death of Joseph to the advent of the new king.
  2. Exodus 1:8 The Pharaoh, probably Rameses II (1298–1232 B.C.), becomes worried when he sees the proliferation of the Hebrews and takes various measures to exterminate this race and doubtless other Asiatic populations. The children of Israel who left Egypt are said to number 600,000, “not including children” (Ex 12:37). Works of the kind that the Hebrews are compelled to do are illustrated in Egyptian paintings of that period, even if these do not picture actual groups of the Patriarchs’ descendants.

Now Joseph and all his brothers and all that generation died,(A) but the Israelites were exceedingly fruitful; they multiplied greatly, increased in numbers(B) and became so numerous that the land was filled with them.

Then a new king, to whom Joseph meant nothing, came to power in Egypt.(C)

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