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20 So I will stretch out my hand and strike Egypt with all the wondrous deeds I will do in its midst. After that he will let you go.

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(A)Therefore, the days are coming—oracle of the Lord—when they shall no longer say, “As the Lord lives, who brought the Israelites out of the land of Egypt”; but rather, “As the Lord lives, who brought the descendants of the house of Israel up from the land of the north”—and from all the lands to which I banished them; they shall again live on their own soil.

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Chapter 31

Good News of the Return

At that time—oracle of the Lord
    I will be the God of all the families of Israel,
    and they shall be my people.(A)
    [a]Thus says the Lord:
The people who escaped the sword
    find favor in the wilderness.
As Israel comes forward to receive rest,
    from afar the Lord appears:
With age-old love I have loved you;
    so I have kept my mercy toward you.(B)
Again I will build you, and you shall stay built,
    virgin Israel;
Carrying your festive tambourines,
    you shall go forth dancing with merrymakers.
You shall again plant vineyards
    on the mountains of Samaria;
    those who plant them shall enjoy their fruits.(C)
Yes, a day will come when the watchmen
    call out on Mount Ephraim:
“Come, let us go up to Zion,
    to the Lord, our God.”(D)

The Road of Return

    For thus says the Lord:
Shout with joy for Jacob,
    exult at the head of the nations;
    proclaim your praise and say:
The Lord has saved his people,
    the remnant of Israel.(E)
Look! I will bring them back
    from the land of the north;
I will gather them from the ends of the earth,
    the blind and the lame in their midst,
Pregnant women, together with those in labor—
    an immense throng—they shall return.(F)
With weeping they shall come,
    but with compassion I will guide them;
I will lead them to streams of water,
    on a level road, without stumbling.
For I am a father to Israel,
    Ephraim is my firstborn.(G)
10 Hear the word of the Lord, you nations,
    proclaim it on distant coasts, and say:
The One who scattered Israel, now gathers them;
    he guards them as a shepherd his flock.
11 The Lord shall ransom Jacob,
    he shall redeem him from a hand too strong for him.(H)
12 Shouting, they shall mount the heights of Zion,
    they shall come streaming to the Lord’s blessings:
The grain, the wine, and the oil,
    flocks of sheep and cattle;
They themselves shall be like watered gardens,
    never again neglected.(I)
13 Then young women shall make merry and dance,
    young men and old as well.
I will turn their mourning into joy,
    I will show them compassion and have them rejoice after their sorrows.
14 I will lavish choice portions on the priests,
    and my people shall be filled with my blessings—
    oracle of the Lord.

End of Rachel’s Mourning

15     Thus says the Lord:
In Ramah[b] is heard the sound of sobbing,
    bitter weeping!
Rachel mourns for her children,
    she refuses to be consoled
    for her children—they are no more!(J)
16     Thus says the Lord:
Cease your cries of weeping,
    hold back your tears!
There is compensation for your labor—
    oracle of the Lord
    they shall return from the enemy’s land.
17 There is hope for your future—oracle of the Lord
    your children shall return to their own territory.(K)
18 Indeed, I heard Ephraim rocking in grief:
    You chastised me, and I was chastised;
    I was like an untamed calf.
Bring me back, let me come back,
    for you are the Lord, my God.(L)
19 For after I turned away, I repented;
    after I came to myself, I struck my thigh;[c]
I was ashamed, even humiliated,
    because I bore the disgrace of my youth.(M)
20 Is Ephraim not my favored son,
    the child in whom I delight?
Even though I threaten him,
    I must still remember him!
My heart stirs for him,
    I must show him compassion!—oracle of the Lord.(N)

Summons to Return Home

21 Set up road markers,
    put up signposts;
Turn your attention to the highway,
    the road you walked.
Turn back, virgin Israel,
    turn back to these your cities.
22 How long will you continue to hesitate,
    rebellious daughter?
The Lord has created a new thing upon the earth:
    woman encompasses man.[d]

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Footnotes

  1. 31:2–3 Jeremiah describes the exiles of the Northern Kingdom on their way home from the nations where the Assyrians had resettled them (722/721 B.C.). The favor they discover in the wilderness is the appearance of the Lord (v. 3) coming to guide them to Jerusalem. Implicit in these verses is the presentation of the people’s return from captivity as a second exodus, a unifying theme in Second Isaiah (chaps. 40–55).
  2. 31:15 Ramah: a village about five miles north of Jerusalem, where one tradition locates Rachel’s tomb (1 Sm 10:2). The wife of Jacob/Israel, Rachel is the matriarchal ancestor of Ephraim, chief among the northern tribes. She personified Israel as a mother whose grief for her lost children is especially poignant because she had to wait a long time to bear them. Mt 2:18 applies this verse to Herod’s slaughter of the innocents.
  3. 31:19 Struck my thigh: a gesture signifying grief and dread (cf. Ez 21:17).
  4. 31:22 No satisfactory explanation has been given for this text. Jerome, for example, saw the image as a reference to the infant Jesus enclosed in Mary’s womb. Since Jeremiah often uses marital imagery in his description of a restored Israel, the phrase may refer to a wedding custom, perhaps women circling the groom in a dance. It may also be a metaphor describing the security of a new Israel, a security so complete that it defies the imagination and must be expressed as hyperbolic role reversal: any danger will be so insignificant that women can protect their men.

10 I will bring them back from the land of Egypt,
    and gather them from Assyria.
To the land of Gilead and to Lebanon I will bring them,
    until no room is found for them.

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