¹⁶ For Yisroel slideth back (i.e., is stubborn, rebellious, unmanageable) like a backsliding parah (stubborn, rebellious cow); now Hashem will feed them like a lamb in a wide field.

¹⁷ Ephrayim [i.e., the Northern Kingdom, Israel] is joined to atzabim (idols); leave him alone.

¹⁸ When their drink is sour [i.e., when intoxicated], they have committed whoredom; her mogenim (shields, rulers) deeply love kalon (ignominy, shame).