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The Intervention of God[a]

The Lord’s First Speech

Chapter 38

Gird Up Your Loins.[b] Then from the heart of the storm the Lord answered Job:

“Who is this who obscures my intentions
    with words devoid of knowledge?
Gird up your loins now like a man.
    I will ask you questions,
    and you will give me the answers.

A1: The Mysteries of the Cosmos

Where Were You When I Laid the Earth’s Foundations?

“Where were you when I laid the earth’s foundations?
    Tell me, if you have understanding.
Who determined its measurements? Do you know?
    Who stretched out the measuring line over it?
What supports the pillars at its bases?
    Who laid its cornerstone
while the morning stars sang in unison
    and the sons of God shouted for joy?
“Who shut up the sea behind doors
    when it burst forth from the womb,
when I made the clouds its garment
    and wrapped it in thick darkness,
10 when I established bounds for it
    and set its barred doors in place,
11 when I said, ‘This far may you come, but no farther;
    here is where your proud waves must halt’?

Have You Ever Commanded the Morning?[c]

12 “During your entire life have you ever commanded the morning to appear
    or caused the dawn to rise in the east
13 so that it might grasp the ends of the earth
    and shake the wicked from its surface?
14 She turns it like clay under a seal
    and dyes it as though it were a garment.
15 But light[d] is withheld from the wicked,
    and their raised arm is broken.

Have You Ever Walked at the Bottom of the Abyss?

16 “Have you ever descended to the depths of the sea
    and walked at the bottom of the abyss?
17 Have the gates of death been revealed to you
    or have you seen the gates of the shadow of death?
18 Have you comprehended the vast expanse of the earth?
    Tell me if you know all this.
19 “Can you point out the way to the dwelling of light
    and show the abode of darkness,
20 so that you may assign each to its designated boundary
    and escort them on their homeward paths?
21 Surely you must know this,
    for you had already been born
    and the years of your life are beyond numbering!

Have You Entered the Place Where the Snow Is Stored?[e]

22 [f]“Have you entered the place where the snow is stored,
    or seen the storehouses of the hail,
23 which I have reserved for times of distress,
    for the times of war and battle?
24 Can you show me the place where lightning is dispersed
    or where the east wind is scattered over the earth?
25 “Who has cut a channel for the downpour of rain
    and cleared a path for the thunderstorm
26 so that rain may fall on uninhabited lands,
    on the wilderness devoid of human life,
27 and thus reinvigorate the wastes and the desolate land,
    enabling grass to sprout on the thirsty ground?
28 “Does the rain have a father?
    Who has begotten the drops of dew?
29 Whose womb brings forth the ice?
    Who gives birth to the frost of heaven,
30 causing a layer of stone to cover the waters
    and the surface of the earth to congeal?

Do You Know the Ordinances of the Heavens?

31 “Can you bind the chains of the Pleiades
    or loosen the bonds of Orion?
32 Can you bring forth the constellations in their season
    or indicate which way to go to the Bear[g] and its cubs?
33 Do you know the ordinances of the heavens?
    Can you put into effect their rule on the earth?
34 “Can you raise up your voice to command the clouds
    to envelop you in a deluge of rain?
35 Will flashes of lightning come forth at your command
    and say to you, ‘Here we are’?
36 Who has endowed the heart with wisdom
    and given understanding to the mind?
37 Who can number all the rain clouds
    and empty the cisterns of the heavens
38 so that the dust solidifies into a thick mass
    and the clods of earth cling together?

A2: The Astonishing World of the Animals[h]

The Lion and the Raven

39 “Can you hunt prey for the lioness
    or satisfy the hunger of young lions
40 while they crouch in their dens
    or lie in wait in the bushes?
41 Who provides the raven with prey
    when its little ones cry out to God
    in their need for sustenance?

Chapter 39

The Mountain Goat and the Deer

“Do you know when the mountain goats give birth?
    Have you ever observed deer in labor?
Can you accurately number the months that they carry their young
    or know the time of their delivery
when they crouch down to give birth
    and deliver their offspring?
Once their fawns grow strong and become independent,
    they go forth on their own and do not return.

The Wild Donkey and the Wild Ox

“Who has given the wild donkey its freedom?
    Who has untied its ropes?
I gave it the wastelands as its home
    and the salt flats for its dwelling.
It scorns the noise of the city;
    it is not forced to obey a driver’s shouted order.
The mountains are the pasture over which it ranges
    in search of any green foliage.
“Is the wild ox willing to serve you?
    Will it stay by your manger during the night?
10 Can you use ropes to harness its strength?
    Will it harrow the furrows after you?
11 Can you depend upon its massive strength
    to do your heavy work?
12 Can you rely upon it to return home
    and bring your grain to your threshing floor?

The Ostrich and the Horse[i]

13 “The wings of an ostrich are ineffectual,
    since its pinions and its plumage are scanty.
14 It leaves its eggs on the ground
    and depends on the earth to warm them,
15 forgetting that a foot may crush them
    or that a wild animal may trample upon them.
16 It cruelly disowns its young
    as if they were not its own,
    unconcerned if its labor has been wasted.
17 For God has denied it wisdom
    and deprived it of understanding.
18 Yet with its swiftness of foot
    it leaves both horse and rider in the dust.
19 “Do you give the horse its strength?
    Have you clothed its neck with a mane?
20 Do you make it leap like a locust,
    striking terror with its proud snorting?
21 It paws the plain jubilantly and prances
    as it charges the battle line with all its strength.
22 It laughs at fear and is frightened of nothing;
    it does not shy away when confronted with the sword.
23 “The quiver rattles at its side;
    the spear and the javelin flash.
24 Trembling with eagerness it eats up the ground,
    and when the trumpet sounds, there is no holding it back.
25 At each blast of the trumpet it cries ‘Aha!’
    From afar it scents the battle,
    the shouts of the commanders, and the war cries.

The Hawk and the Eagle

26 “Did your wisdom enable the hawk to soar
    as it spreads its wings toward the south?
27 Does the eagle soar aloft at your command
    to build its nest on the lofty heights?
28 It dwells on the cliff in security,
    spending its nights on a rocky crag.
29 From there it watches for its prey;
    its eyes are able to behold it from afar.
30 Its young ones hungrily drink the blood;
    wherever the slain are, it is there.”

Chapter 40

Job’s Response to the Lord[j]

The Lord then said to Job:

“Will the one who finds fault with the Almighty respond?
    Anyone who argues with God should state his case.”

Job then answered the Lord and said:

“Since I am of little importance, how can I reply to you?
    I will simply place my hand over my mouth.
Although I have spoken once, I will not answer;
    I have spoken twice, but I will do so no more.”

The Lord’s Second Speech[k]

Unleash the Fury of Your Wrath.[l] Then the Lord addressed Job out of the whirlwind:

“Gird up your loins like a man.
    I intend to put questions to you,
    and you must give me your answers.
Will you continue to deny that I am just?
    Will you condemn me in order to justify yourself?
Do you have an arm like that of God?
    Can your voice thunder as loudly as his?
10 “Display your majesty and grandeur;
    array yourself with glory and splendor.
11 Unleash the fury of your wrath
    and humble the haughty with a glance.
12 Look on all who are proud and shatter them;
    strike down the wicked where they stand.
13 Bury all of them in the earth[m] together,
    and shroud their faces in an unknown grave.
14 Then I in turn will acknowledge to you
    that your own right hand is strong enough to save you.

Behemoth . . . the First of God’s Works[n]

15 “Look at Behemoth whom I made just as I made you;
    it feeds on grass like an ox.
16 Yet what strength it has in its loins
    and what power in the muscles of its body.
17 Its tail is as stiff as a cedar;
    the sinews of its thighs are tightly knit.
18 Its bones are like tubes of bronze,
    its limbs like rods of iron.
19 “It is the first of God’s works;
    only its Maker can control it with the sword.
20 The mountains provide it with food,
    as do the wild animals that roam the hills.
21 It rests under the lotus trees
    as it lies hidden among the reeds in the marsh.
22 “The lotus trees afford it shade,
    and it is sheltered by the willows of the stream.
23 Even if the river becomes turbulent,
    it does not become frightened;
it remains tranquil
    even if the waters rise up to its mouth.
24 Who can blind its eyes and capture it
    or pierce its nose with a trap?

Leviathan . . . the King of the Haughty[o]

25 “Can you catch Leviathan with a fishhook
    or tie a rope around its tongue?
26 Can you put a rope through its nose
    or pierce its jaw with a hook?[p]
27 Will it plead with you for mercy
    and address you with gentle words?
28 Will it strike a bargain with you
    that will make it your servant forever?
29 “Will you play with it as you would with a bird?
    Will you put it on a leash to amuse your maidens?
30 Will traders bargain for it?
    Will merchants divide it up?
31 Can you riddle its hide with harpoons
    or its head with fishing spears?
32 If you ever should plan to lay a hand on it,
    first think of the struggle that awaits you,
    and then cease all such thoughts.

Chapter 41

“Any hope you have in this regard would be futile;
    just the mere sight of it would convince you to retreat.
How ferocious it is when aroused!
    No one could ever stand up to confront it.[q]
Who has attacked it and remained unscathed?
    There has never been anyone under the heavens.
“Nor will I keep silence about its limbs,
    or its strength, or its magnificent frame.
Who can strip off its outer garment
    or pierce the reinforced armor of its breastplate?
Who has ever managed to force open the doors of its mouth
    and beheld the teeth that leave one in terror?
“Rows of shields adorn its back
    and are tightly sealed together.
One presses so close to the next
    that no air can pass between them.
Each is so joined, one to another,
    that they hold fast and cannot be separated.
10 “When it sneezes, sprays of light[r] flash forth,
    and its eyes are like the rays of the dawn.
11 Fiery torches emerge from its mouth
    and sparks come flying out.
12 Smoke issues forth from its nostrils
    as from a boiling pot on the fire.
13 Its breath sets coals ablaze,
    and flames pour forth from its mouth.
14 “Strength resides in its neck,
    causing terror to all who behold it.
15 The folds of its flesh are joined together,
    firmly set in place and immovable.
16 Its heart is as hard as stone,
    as unyielding as the lower millstone.
17 When it rears up, strong men become terrified,
    and the waves of the sea retreat.
18 “Even though the sword reaches it, there is no penetration,
    nor is there with the spear, the dart, or the javelin.
19 It regards iron as straw
    and bronze as rotting wood.
20 No arrow can force it to flee;
    slingstones it regards as nothing but chaff.
21 To it a club is like a splinter,
    and it laughs at the javelins that are hurled at it.
22 “Its lower parts are protected with jagged potsherds,
    and it moves across the mire like a threshing sledge.
23 It causes the depths to boil like a cauldron;
    it churns the sea like a pot of ointment.
24 Behind it there is left a shining trail,
    and in its wake the deep appears to be white-haired.
25 It has no equal upon the earth;
    it is a creature that is utterly fearless.
26 It looks down upon all, even the highest;
    it is king over all wild beasts.”

Footnotes

  1. Job 38:1 The Almighty comes in the storm. He is the Lord (Yahweh), the fearsome God of Sinai (Ex 19:16). The meeting both abashes and fascinates Job. God does not answer Job’s irksome questions; the roles are reversed. The Lord presses him hard with his own questions. God does not defend himself, nor does he debate: he calls for adoration and silence.
    These chapters form part of the biblical songs of creation and are among the loftiest lyrical compositions of humankind. The wonders and secrets of the universe are evoked in splendid poetic images that are intended to give us a better insight into the inaccessibility of the mystery of God. And yet, Job has seen God. This man who has encountered God remains abashed. All his arguments have been immediately transcended; the only thing left is to make an act of unconditional faith.
  2. Job 38:1 Gird up your loins: it is God who calls Job to account for his pretensions. In the East, people tightened their belts and tucked up their garments in preparation for a struggle or for work (see Jer 1:17; Lk 12:35-37).
  3. Job 38:12 Each day the dawn comes to shake the earth, ridding it of the wicked as one shakes dust from a rug. The human race cannot help but stand in admiration.
  4. Job 38:15 Light: the uncertain light of night that favors evildoers (see Job 24:13; Isa 5:20).
  5. Job 38:22 Human beings cannot foresee or comprehend this play of natural forces; for the ancients, God seems to make sport of them and utilize them at his whim (Ex 9:18-26; Jos 10:11). As for us, we are better acquainted with the laws of nature, but the spectacle of the universe remains always a symbol of God’s great freedom.
  6. Job 38:22 For hail as a divine weapon, see Gen 10:11; Ex 9:18-19; Isa 28:17; 30:30.
  7. Job 38:32 Pleiades . . . Orion . . . Bear: see note on Job 9:9.
  8. Job 38:39 The animal world, too, is a bewildering world for human beings. God brings them before Job as he once did before Adam (Gen 2:19-20); however, his purpose now is to show not the power, but the weakness and ignorance of human beings: the life of the animals has secrets that elude the human grasp and depend on a higher wisdom.
  9. Job 39:13 The ostrich seems to be bizarre, lacking foresight, and hard on its little ones (Lam 4:3), but it has incomparable speed. Inexplicable is the bravery of the war horse, described here by a connoisseur and an artist.
  10. Job 40:1 Human beings can argue forever, but when God speaks, a profound reverence seizes the believer. When forced to answer, Job retracts what he has said and ends his rebellion.
  11. Job 40:6 The author of this discourse knows how to use irony. Here God brings before Job two beasts of the Nile, both of them fearsome to humans but totally under God’s control.
  12. Job 40:6 Despite appearances, God administers justice—something that Job cannot do. The implication is clear: Job should leave it to God’s strong arm (see v. 9) to administer justice, which is also true for his own vindication (see v. 14).
  13. Job 40:13 Earth: literally, “dust,” i.e., the netherworld, dark dwelling place of the dead.
  14. Job 40:15 Behemoth: i.e., the beast par excellence; here it refers to the hippopotamus who is impressive by its power; the other animals acknowledge its royalty.
  15. Job 40:25 The monster of chaos now becomes Leviathan (probably the crocodile), which is even more fearsome than Behemoth.
  16. Job 40:26 Can you put a rope . . . hook?: i.e., the treatment inflicted on prisoners at that time (see Ezek 29:4).
  17. Job 41:2 Confront it: some translate: “confront me.”
  18. Job 41:10 Light: a vapor that gleams in the light of the sun. Its eyes: in Egyptian hieroglyphics, the irridescent red in the eye of the crocodile symbolizes the dawn.