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Past history warns us that the unfaithful have mingled with the faithful

5-9 I want to remind you of something that you really know already: and although the Lord saved all the people from the land of Egypt, yet afterwards he brought to their downfall those who would not trust him. And the very angels who failed in their high duties and abandoned their proper sphere have been deprived by God of both light and liberty until the judgment of the great day. Sodom and Gomorrah and the adjacent cities who, in the same way as these men today, gave themselves up to sexual immorality and perversion, stand in their punishment as a permanent warning of the fire of judgment. Yet these men are defiling their bodies by their filthy fantasies in just the same way; they show utter contempt for authority and make a jest of the heavenly glories. But I would remind you that even the archangel Michael when he was contending with the devil in the dispute over the body of Moses did not dare to condemn him with mockery. He simply said, the Lord rebuke you!

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In a similar way, Sodom and Gomorrah(A) and the surrounding towns(B) gave themselves up to sexual immorality and perversion. They serve as an example of those who suffer the punishment of eternal fire.(C)

In the very same way, on the strength of their dreams these ungodly people pollute their own bodies, reject authority and heap abuse on celestial beings.(D) But even the archangel(E) Michael,(F) when he was disputing with the devil about the body of Moses,(G) did not himself dare to condemn him for slander but said, “The Lord rebuke you!”[a](H)

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Footnotes

  1. Jude 1:9 Jude is alluding to the Jewish Testament of Moses (approximately the first century a.d.).