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Leviticus 23:26-32
New American Bible (Revised Edition)

The Day of Atonement. 26 The Lord said to Moses: 27 Now the tenth day of this seventh month is the Day of Atonement.[a](A) You will have a declared holy day. You shall humble yourselves and offer an oblation to the Lord. 28 On this day you shall not do any work, because it is the Day of Atonement, when atonement is made for you before the Lord, your God. 29 Those who do not humble themselves on this day shall be cut off from the people. 30 If anyone does any work on this day, I will remove that person from the midst of the people. 31 You shall do no work; this is a perpetual statute throughout your generations wherever you dwell; 32 it is a sabbath of complete rest for you. You shall humble yourselves. Beginning on the evening of the ninth of the month, you shall keep your sabbath from evening to evening.

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Footnotes

  1. 23:27 Day of Atonement: see chap. 16 and notes there.
Listen to Leviticus 23:26-32, Numbers 29:7-11, Hebrews 9:6-28
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Leviticus 23:26-32
New International Version

The Day of Atonement(A)

26 The Lord said to Moses, 27 “The tenth day of this seventh month(B) is the Day of Atonement.(C) Hold a sacred assembly(D) and deny yourselves,[a] and present a food offering to the Lord. 28 Do not do any work(E) on that day, because it is the Day of Atonement, when atonement is made for you before the Lord your God. 29 Those who do not deny themselves on that day must be cut off from their people.(F) 30 I will destroy from among their people(G) anyone who does any work on that day. 31 You shall do no work at all. This is to be a lasting ordinance(H) for the generations to come, wherever you live. 32 It is a day of sabbath rest(I) for you, and you must deny yourselves. From the evening of the ninth day of the month until the following evening you are to observe your sabbath.”(J)

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Footnotes

  1. Leviticus 23:27 Or and fast; similarly in verses 29 and 32
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Leviticus 22
Leviticus 24
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Numbers 29:7-11
New American Bible (Revised Edition)

On the Day of Atonement. 7 On the tenth day of this seventh month[a] you will declare a holy day, humble yourselves, and do no sort of work.(A) 8 You will offer a burnt offering to the Lord, a pleasing aroma: one bull of the herd, one ram, and seven yearling lambs that you are sure are unblemished. 9 Their grain offerings of bran flour mixed with oil: three tenths of an ephah for the bull, two tenths for the one ram, 10 and one tenth for each of the seven lambs. 11 One goat will be a purification offering. These are in addition to the purification offering for purging,[b] the regular burnt offering with its grain offering, and their libations.

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Footnotes

  1. 29:7 The tenth day of this seventh month: the Day of Atonement. Humble yourselves: that is, with fasting.
  2. 29:11 The purification offering for purging: the bull prescribed in Lv 16:11–12 for the purging of the tent sanctuary.
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Numbers 29:7-11
New International Version

The Day of Atonement(A)

7 “‘On the tenth day of this seventh month hold a sacred assembly. You must deny yourselves[a](B) and do no work.(C) 8 Present as an aroma pleasing to the Lord a burnt offering of one young bull, one ram and seven male lambs a year old, all without defect.(D) 9 With the bull offer a grain offering(E) of three-tenths of an ephah of the finest flour mixed with oil; with the ram, two-tenths;(F) 10 and with each of the seven lambs, one-tenth.(G) 11 Include one male goat(H) as a sin offering, in addition to the sin offering for atonement and the regular burnt offering(I) with its grain offering, and their drink offerings.(J)

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Footnotes

  1. Numbers 29:7 Or must fast
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Numbers 28
Numbers 30
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Hebrews 9:6-28
New American Bible (Revised Edition)

6 With these arrangements for worship, the priests, in performing their service,[a] go into the outer tabernacle repeatedly,(A) 7 but the high priest alone goes into the inner one once a year, not without blood[b] that he offers for himself and for the sins of the people.(B) 8 In this way the holy Spirit shows that the way into the sanctuary had not yet been revealed while the outer tabernacle still had its place. 9 This is a symbol of the present time,[c] in which gifts and sacrifices are offered that cannot perfect the worshiper in conscience 10 but only in matters of food and drink and various ritual washings: regulations concerning the flesh, imposed until the time of the new order.(C)

Sacrifice of Jesus. 11 [d]But when Christ came as high priest of the good things that have come to be,[e] passing through the greater and more perfect tabernacle not made by hands, that is, not belonging to this creation,(D) 12 he entered once for all into the sanctuary, not with the blood of goats and calves but with his own blood, thus obtaining eternal redemption.(E) 13 For if the blood of goats and bulls and the sprinkling of a heifer’s ashes[f] can sanctify those who are defiled so that their flesh is cleansed,(F) 14 how much more will the blood of Christ, who through the eternal spirit[g] offered himself unblemished to God, cleanse our consciences from dead works to worship the living God.(G)

15 [h]For this reason he is mediator of a new covenant: since a death has taken place for deliverance from transgressions under the first covenant, those who are called may receive the promised eternal inheritance.(H) 16 [i]Now where there is a will, the death of the testator must be established. 17 For a will takes effect only at death; it has no force while the testator is alive. 18 Thus not even the first covenant was inaugurated without blood. 19 [j]When every commandment had been proclaimed by Moses to all the people according to the law, he took the blood of calves [and goats], together with water and crimson wool and hyssop, and sprinkled both the book itself and all the people,(I) 20 saying, “This is ‘the blood of the covenant which God has enjoined upon you.’”(J) 21 In the same way, he sprinkled also the tabernacle[k] and all the vessels of worship with blood.(K) 22 [l]According to the law almost everything is purified by blood,(L) and without the shedding of blood there is no forgiveness.

23 [m]Therefore, it was necessary for the copies of the heavenly things to be purified by these rites, but the heavenly things themselves by better sacrifices than these.(M) 24 For Christ did not enter into a sanctuary made by hands, a copy of the true one, but heaven itself, that he might now appear before God on our behalf.(N) 25 Not that he might offer himself repeatedly, as the high priest enters each year into the sanctuary with blood that is not his own; 26 if that were so, he would have had to suffer repeatedly from the foundation of the world. But now once for all he has appeared at the end of the ages[n] to take away sin by his sacrifice.(O) 27 Just as it is appointed that human beings die once, and after this the judgment,(P) 28 so also Christ, offered once to take away the sins of many,[o] will appear a second time, not to take away sin but to bring salvation to those who eagerly await him.(Q)

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Footnotes

  1. 9:6 In performing their service: the priestly services that had to be performed regularly in the Holy Place or outer tabernacle included burning incense on the incense altar twice each day (Ex 30:7), replacing the loaves on the table of the bread of offering once each week (Lv 24:8), and constantly caring for the lamps on the lampstand (Ex 27:21).
  2. 9:7 Not without blood: blood was essential to Old Testament sacrifice because it was believed that life was located in the blood. Hence blood was especially sacred, and its outpouring functioned as a meaningful symbol of cleansing from sin and reconciliation with God. Unlike Hebrews, the Old Testament never says that the blood is “offered.” The author is perhaps retrojecting into his description of Mosaic ritual a concept that belongs to the New Testament antitype, as Paul does when he speaks of the Israelites’ passage through the sea as a “baptism” (1 Cor 10:2).
  3. 9:9 The present time: this expression is equivalent to the “present age,” used in contradistinction to the “age to come.”
  4. 9:11–14 Christ, the high priest of the spiritual blessings foreshadowed in the Old Testament sanctuary, has actually entered the true sanctuary of heaven that is not of human making (Hb 9:11). His place there is permanent, and his offering is his own blood that won eternal redemption (Hb 9:12). If the sacrifice of animals could bestow legal purification (Hb 9:13), how much more effective is the blood of the sinless, divine Christ who spontaneously offered himself to purge the human race of sin and render it fit for the service of God (Hb 9:14).
  5. 9:11 The good things that have come to be: the majority of later manuscripts here read “the good things to come”; cf. Hb 10:1.
  6. 9:13 A heifer’s ashes: ashes from a red heifer that had been burned were mixed with water and used for the cleansing of those who had become ritually defiled by touching a corpse; see Nm 19:9, 14–21.
  7. 9:14 Through the eternal spirit: this expression does not refer either to the holy Spirit or to the divine nature of Jesus but to the life of the risen Christ, “a life that cannot be destroyed” (Hb 7:16).
  8. 9:15–22 Jesus’ role as mediator of the new covenant is based upon his sacrificial death (cf. Hb 8:6). His death has effected deliverance from transgressions, i.e., deliverance from sins committed under the old covenant, which the Mosaic sacrifices were incapable of effacing. Until this happened, the eternal inheritance promised by God could not be obtained (Hb 9:15). This effect of his work follows the human pattern by which a last will and testament becomes effective only with the death of the testator (Hb 9:16–17). The Mosaic covenant was also associated with death, for Moses made use of blood to seal the pact between God and the people (Hb 9:18–21). In Old Testament tradition, guilt could normally not be remitted without the use of blood (Hb 9:22; cf. Lv 17:11).
  9. 9:16–17 A will…death of the testator: the same Greek word diathēkē, meaning “covenant” in Hb 9:15, 18, is used here with the meaning will. The new covenant, unlike the old, is at the same time a will that requires the death of the testator. Jesus as eternal Son is the one who established the new covenant together with his Father, author of both covenants; at the same time he is the testator whose death puts his will into effect.
  10. 9:19–20 A number of details here are different from the description of this covenant rite in Ex 24:5–8. Exodus mentions only calves (“young bulls,” NAB), not goats (but this addition in Hebrews is of doubtful authenticity), says nothing of the use of water and crimson wool and hyssop (these features probably came from a different rite; cf. Lv 14:3–7; Nm 19:6–18), and describes Moses as splashing blood on the altar, whereas Hebrews says he sprinkled it on the book (but both book and altar are meant to symbolize the agreement of God). The words of Moses are also slightly different from those in Exodus and are closer to the words of Jesus at the Last Supper in Mk 14:24 // Mt 26:28.
  11. 9:21 According to Exodus, the tabernacle did not yet exist at the time of the covenant rite. Moreover, nothing is said of sprinkling it with blood at its subsequent dedication (Ex 40:9–11).
  12. 9:22 Without the shedding of blood there is no forgiveness: in fact, ancient Israel did envisage other means of obtaining forgiveness; the Old Testament mentions contrition of heart (Ps 51:17), fasting (Jl 2:12), and almsgiving (Sir 3:29). The author is limiting his horizon to the sacrificial cult, which did always involve the shedding of blood for its expiatory and unitive value.
  13. 9:23–28 Since the blood of animals became a cleansing symbol among Old Testament prefigurements, it was necessary that the realities foreshadowed be brought into being by a shedding of blood that was infinitely more effective by reason of its worth (Hb 9:23). Christ did not simply prefigure the heavenly realities (Hb 9:24) by performing an annual sacrifice with a blood not his own (Hb 9:25); he offered the single sacrifice of himself as the final annulment of sin (Hb 9:26). Just as death is the unrepeatable act that ends a person’s life, so Christ’s offering of himself for all is the unrepeatable sacrifice that has once for all achieved redemption (Hb 9:27–28).
  14. 9:26 At the end of the ages: the use of expressions such as this shows that the author of Hebrews, despite his interest in the Platonic concept of an eternal world above superior to temporal reality here below, nevertheless still clings to the Jewish Christian eschatology with its sequence of “the present age” and “the age to come.”
  15. 9:28 To take away the sins of many: the reference is to Is 53:12. Since the Greek verb anapherō can mean both “to take away” and “to bear,” the author no doubt intended to play upon both senses: Jesus took away sin by bearing it himself. See the similar wordplay in Jn 1:29. Many is used in the Semitic meaning of “all” in the inclusive sense, as in Mk 14:24. To those who eagerly await him: Jesus will appear a second time at the parousia, as the high priest reappeared on the Day of Atonement, emerging from the Holy of Holies, which he had entered to take away sin. This dramatic scene is described in Sir 50:5–11.
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Hebrews 9:6-28
New International Version

6 When everything had been arranged like this, the priests entered regularly(A) into the outer room to carry on their ministry. 7 But only the high priest entered(B) the inner room,(C) and that only once a year,(D) and never without blood,(E) which he offered for himself(F) and for the sins the people had committed in ignorance.(G) 8 The Holy Spirit was showing(H) by this that the way(I) into the Most Holy Place had not yet been disclosed as long as the first tabernacle was still functioning. 9 This is an illustration(J) for the present time, indicating that the gifts and sacrifices being offered(K) were not able to clear the conscience(L) of the worshiper. 10 They are only a matter of food(M) and drink(N) and various ceremonial washings(O)—external regulations(P) applying until the time of the new order.

The Blood of Christ

11 But when Christ came as high priest(Q) of the good things that are now already here,[a](R) he went through the greater and more perfect tabernacle(S) that is not made with human hands,(T) that is to say, is not a part of this creation. 12 He did not enter by means of the blood of goats and calves;(U) but he entered the Most Holy Place(V) once for all(W) by his own blood,(X) thus obtaining[b] eternal redemption. 13 The blood of goats and bulls(Y) and the ashes of a heifer(Z) sprinkled on those who are ceremonially unclean sanctify them so that they are outwardly clean. 14 How much more, then, will the blood of Christ, who through the eternal Spirit(AA) offered himself(AB) unblemished to God, cleanse our consciences(AC) from acts that lead to death,[c](AD) so that we may serve the living God!(AE)

15 For this reason Christ is the mediator(AF) of a new covenant,(AG) that those who are called(AH) may receive the promised(AI) eternal inheritance(AJ)—now that he has died as a ransom to set them free from the sins committed under the first covenant.(AK)

16 In the case of a will,[d] it is necessary to prove the death of the one who made it, 17 because a will is in force only when somebody has died; it never takes effect while the one who made it is living. 18 This is why even the first covenant was not put into effect without blood.(AL) 19 When Moses had proclaimed(AM) every command of the law to all the people, he took the blood of calves,(AN) together with water, scarlet wool and branches of hyssop, and sprinkled the scroll and all the people.(AO) 20 He said, “This is the blood of the covenant, which God has commanded you to keep.”[e](AP) 21 In the same way, he sprinkled with the blood both the tabernacle and everything used in its ceremonies. 22 In fact, the law requires that nearly everything be cleansed with blood,(AQ) and without the shedding of blood there is no forgiveness.(AR)

23 It was necessary, then, for the copies(AS) of the heavenly things to be purified with these sacrifices, but the heavenly things themselves with better sacrifices than these. 24 For Christ did not enter a sanctuary made with human hands that was only a copy of the true one;(AT) he entered heaven itself,(AU) now to appear for us in God’s presence.(AV) 25 Nor did he enter heaven to offer himself again and again, the way the high priest enters the Most Holy Place(AW) every year with blood that is not his own.(AX) 26 Otherwise Christ would have had to suffer many times since the creation of the world.(AY) But he has appeared(AZ) once for all(BA) at the culmination of the ages to do away with sin by the sacrifice of himself.(BB) 27 Just as people are destined to die once,(BC) and after that to face judgment,(BD) 28 so Christ was sacrificed once(BE) to take away the sins of many; and he will appear a second time,(BF) not to bear sin,(BG) but to bring salvation(BH) to those who are waiting for him.(BI)

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Footnotes

  1. Hebrews 9:11 Some early manuscripts are to come
  2. Hebrews 9:12 Or blood, having obtained
  3. Hebrews 9:14 Or from useless rituals
  4. Hebrews 9:16 Same Greek word as covenant; also in verse 17
  5. Hebrews 9:20 Exodus 24:8
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