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Leviticus 25
New Catholic Bible
Leviticus 25
New Catholic Bible
Chapter 25
Year of the Sabbath.[a] 1 The Lord spoke to Moses on Mount Sinai, saying, 2 “Speak to the children of Israel saying to them: When you come into the land that I am giving you, the land is to keep a Sabbath to the Lord. 3 You shall sow the fields for six years and you shall prune the vineyard and harvest its fruit for six years, 4 but the seventh year will be a Sabbath of rest to the Lord. It is a Sabbath to the Lord. You shall neither sow your field nor prune your vineyard. 5 You shall not harvest whatever grows on its own, nor shall you gather the grapes of your undressed vines. It is a year of rest for the land. 6 During this Sabbath the land will provide food for you, for you and your servant, and your maid, and your hired hand, and your alien who dwells with you, 7 and for your cattle and your animals in the land. All of your produce will be for food.
The Year of Jubilee.[b] 8 “You shall count seven Sabbaths of years for yourselves, seven times seven years, and your span of seven times seven years will be forty-nine years. 9 You shall blow the trumpet of the Jubilee on the tenth day of the seventh month, on the Day of Atonement you shall blow the trumpet throughout the land. 10 You shall consecrate the fiftieth year, and proclaim liberty throughout the whole land to all of its inhabitants. It will be a Jubilee for you. Each of you shall return to his own property, and each shall return to his own clan. 11 The fiftieth year shall be a Jubilee for you. You shall not sow nor reap. You shall not reap what grows on its own, and you shall not gather grapes from the undressed vines. 12 It is a Jubilee and it is to be holy for you. You shall eat only what comes directly from the fields.
13 “In the Jubilee Year you shall return each man to his property. 14 If you sell some merchandise to your neighbor, or you buy something from your neighbor, you shall not take advantage of one another. 15 You shall buy from your neighbor based on the number of years since the Jubilee. He is to sell to you based on the number of years left for harvesting crops. 16 If the number of years left is greater, you shall increase the price paid, but if the number of years is smaller, then you shall decrease the price paid, for it is the number of harvests that he is selling you. 17 You shall not wrong one another, for you shall fear your God. I am the Lord, your God.
18 “You shall observe my statutes and keep my ordinances and obey them in order to live securely in the land. 19 The land shall yield its fruit, and you shall eat your fill, and dwell in the land securely. 20 If you should say, ‘What will we eat the seventh year, for we are not sowing nor are we gathering our increase,’ 21 then I will send my blessing upon you in the sixth year so that the crops are abundant enough for three years. 22 You shall sow in the eighth year, but you shall still be eating old fruit until the ninth year. You shall be eating old fruit until its fruit comes in.
23 Redemption of the Land.[c]“The land will not be permanently sold, for the land belongs to me and you are my aliens and tenants. 24 In all the land that you possess, you shall provide a redemption for the land. 25 If your brother becomes impoverished and sells part of his property, then his next of kin shall come and redeem it. He shall redeem what his brother has sold.[d] 26 If there is no one else to redeem it and the man himself can redeem it, 27 then let him calculate the number of years since the sale, and let him pay for the remaining years to the man to whom he sold it, so that he can return to his property. 28 But if he is not able to get it back, then what he sold shall remain in the possession of the one who bought it until the Jubilee Year. It shall revert to him in the Jubilee, so that he can return to his property.
29 “If a man sells his home in a walled city, then he can redeem it any time within one year. He can redeem it for a year from the time he sold it. 30 But if he has not redeemed it within the period of one year, then the house within the walled city shall belong to the person who bought it forever, from one generation to the next. It shall not revert during the Jubilee Year. 31 Houses in villages that have no walls around them shall be treated just like fields in the countryside. They can be redeemed, and they shall revert in the Jubilee Year. 32 This does not apply to the cities of the Levites, for the Levites can redeem their possessions, their houses in the cities, at any time. 33 Whenever a person buys a house in the city from the Levites, what was sold will revert in the Jubilee Year, for the houses in the cities of the Levites are their possession among the children of Israel. 34 But the fields at the edge of the city cannot be sold, for that is their perpetual possession.
35 “If a brother becomes poor and is unable to support himself, then you shall help him, letting him live with you as though he were a guest or a lodger. 36 Do not practice usury or ask for interest, but fear God, letting your brother live with you. 37 You shall not charge interest if you lend him money, nor offer him food for profit. 38 I am the Lord, your God, who brought you out of the land of Egypt to give you the land of Canaan, to be your God.
39 “If your brother becomes poor and sells himself to you, you shall not make him serve you as a slave. 40 Treat him as a hired servant or a guest. He is to serve you only until the Jubilee Year.[e] 41 He shall then leave you, he and his children, and he shall return to his own family and return to the property owned by his fathers. 42 For you are my servants, whom I brought out of the land of Egypt. You are not to be sold as slaves 43 or treated harshly. Fear your God.
44 “You can have pagan male and female slaves from the nations around you. You can buy them, male and female slaves. 45 Furthermore, you can buy the children of the aliens living in your land, even those who were born in your land. They shall be your property. 46 Your children shall inherit them after you die, for your slaves are property to be inherited forever. But you shall not treat your brethren, the children of Israel, with this type of harshness.
47 “If an alien or foreigner has grown rich and one of your brethren becomes poor and sells himself to the alien or foreigner living in your midst or to a member of that foreigner’s family, 48 that person can be redeemed. One of his relatives can redeem him. 49 His uncle or his cousin or any of his relatives can redeem him, or if he is able, he can redeem himself. 50 He should reckon the time from when he bought him until the Jubilee Year with the buyer. The price of redemption will be based upon the number of years and the amount a hired servant would be paid. 51 If there are still a number of years, then he will pay a larger share of the price for which he was bought. 52 If only a few years remain until the Jubilee Year, he will calculate the redemption that he will give him according to that number of years. 53 He is to be treated like a hired servant that one would employ a year at a time. You are not to treat him harshly. 54 Even if he is not redeemed in any of these ways, he will be freed during the Jubilee Year, he and his children with him. 55 The children of Israel are my servants.[f] They are my servants, whom I brought out of the land of Egypt. I am the Lord, your God.
Footnotes
- Leviticus 25:1 Every seven years the soil was to be allowed to rest (see Ex 23:10-13); this was a way of reminding the people that the earth belongs to the Lord. When Israel had become an agricultural society, it was tempted to think of itself as self-sufficient.
- Leviticus 25:8 The Jubilee of the fiftieth year began with the sounding of trumpets or yobel, hence its name. This institution was closely connected with the sabbatical year and had for its purpose to ensure the vigorous maintenance of the structures on which Jewish society was based: the clan and the family estate. The text was composed during the Exile and reflects an abiding ideal rather than an actual practice.
- Leviticus 25:23 The earth belongs to God alone. Given this principle, regulations follow that complete and make the norms of the Jubilee Year more specific; their purpose is to protect the poor.
- Leviticus 25:25 A relative is needed to buy back land for the family. This rule prevailed when Boaz rescued Ruth and Naomi (Ru 4:1-4). He was also willing to marry Ruth and support them (Ru 4:9-10).
- Leviticus 25:40 This verse represents progress as compared with the Code of the Covenant (Ex 21:2).
- Leviticus 25:55 Servants: rather than a demeaning title, servant reflected the covenantal relationship established between Israel’s God and his people.
Leviticus 25
New International Version
Leviticus 25
New International Version
The Sabbath Year
25 The Lord said to Moses at Mount Sinai,(A) 2 “Speak to the Israelites and say to them: ‘When you enter the land I am going to give you, the land itself must observe a sabbath to the Lord. 3 For six years sow your fields, and for six years prune your vineyards and gather their crops.(B) 4 But in the seventh year the land is to have a year of sabbath rest,(C) a sabbath to the Lord. Do not sow your fields or prune your vineyards.(D) 5 Do not reap what grows of itself(E) or harvest the grapes(F) of your untended vines.(G) The land is to have a year of rest. 6 Whatever the land yields during the sabbath year(H) will be food for you—for yourself, your male and female servants, and the hired worker and temporary resident who live among you, 7 as well as for your livestock and the wild animals(I) in your land. Whatever the land produces may be eaten.
The Year of Jubilee(J)(K)
8 “‘Count off seven sabbath years—seven times seven years—so that the seven sabbath years amount to a period of forty-nine years. 9 Then have the trumpet(L) sounded everywhere on the tenth day of the seventh month;(M) on the Day of Atonement(N) sound the trumpet throughout your land. 10 Consecrate the fiftieth year and proclaim liberty(O) throughout the land to all its inhabitants. It shall be a jubilee(P) for you; each of you is to return to your family property(Q) and to your own clan. 11 The fiftieth year shall be a jubilee(R) for you; do not sow and do not reap what grows of itself or harvest the untended vines.(S) 12 For it is a jubilee and is to be holy for you; eat only what is taken directly from the fields.
13 “‘In this Year of Jubilee(T) everyone is to return to their own property.
14 “‘If you sell land to any of your own people or buy land from them, do not take advantage of each other.(U) 15 You are to buy from your own people on the basis of the number of years(V) since the Jubilee. And they are to sell to you on the basis of the number of years left for harvesting crops. 16 When the years are many, you are to increase the price, and when the years are few, you are to decrease the price,(W) because what is really being sold to you is the number of crops. 17 Do not take advantage of each other,(X) but fear your God.(Y) I am the Lord your God.(Z)
18 “‘Follow my decrees and be careful to obey my laws,(AA) and you will live safely in the land.(AB) 19 Then the land will yield its fruit,(AC) and you will eat your fill and live there in safety.(AD) 20 You may ask, “What will we eat in the seventh year(AE) if we do not plant or harvest our crops?” 21 I will send you such a blessing(AF) in the sixth year that the land will yield enough for three years.(AG) 22 While you plant during the eighth year, you will eat from the old crop and will continue to eat from it until the harvest of the ninth year comes in.(AH)
23 “‘The land(AI) must not be sold permanently, because the land is mine(AJ) and you reside in my land as foreigners(AK) and strangers. 24 Throughout the land that you hold as a possession, you must provide for the redemption(AL) of the land.
25 “‘If one of your fellow Israelites becomes poor and sells some of their property, their nearest relative(AM) is to come and redeem(AN) what they have sold. 26 If, however, there is no one to redeem it for them but later on they prosper(AO) and acquire sufficient means to redeem it themselves, 27 they are to determine the value for the years(AP) since they sold it and refund the balance to the one to whom they sold it; they can then go back to their own property.(AQ) 28 But if they do not acquire the means to repay, what was sold will remain in the possession of the buyer until the Year of Jubilee. It will be returned(AR) in the Jubilee, and they can then go back to their property.(AS)
29 “‘Anyone who sells a house in a walled city retains the right of redemption a full year after its sale. During that time the seller may redeem it. 30 If it is not redeemed before a full year has passed, the house in the walled city shall belong permanently to the buyer and the buyer’s descendants. It is not to be returned in the Jubilee. 31 But houses in villages without walls around them are to be considered as belonging to the open country. They can be redeemed, and they are to be returned in the Jubilee.
32 “‘The Levites always have the right to redeem their houses in the Levitical towns,(AT) which they possess. 33 So the property of the Levites is redeemable—that is, a house sold in any town they hold—and is to be returned in the Jubilee, because the houses in the towns of the Levites are their property among the Israelites. 34 But the pastureland belonging to their towns must not be sold; it is their permanent possession.(AU)
35 “‘If any of your fellow Israelites become poor(AV) and are unable to support themselves among you, help them(AW) as you would a foreigner and stranger, so they can continue to live among you. 36 Do not take interest(AX) or any profit from them, but fear your God,(AY) so that they may continue to live among you. 37 You must not lend them money at interest(AZ) or sell them food at a profit. 38 I am the Lord your God, who brought you out of Egypt to give you the land of Canaan(BA) and to be your God.(BB)
39 “‘If any of your fellow Israelites become poor and sell themselves to you, do not make them work as slaves.(BC) 40 They are to be treated as hired workers(BD) or temporary residents among you; they are to work for you until the Year of Jubilee. 41 Then they and their children are to be released, and they will go back to their own clans and to the property(BE) of their ancestors.(BF) 42 Because the Israelites are my servants, whom I brought out of Egypt,(BG) they must not be sold as slaves. 43 Do not rule over them ruthlessly,(BH) but fear your God.(BI)
44 “‘Your male and female slaves are to come from the nations around you; from them you may buy slaves. 45 You may also buy some of the temporary residents living among you and members of their clans born in your country, and they will become your property. 46 You can bequeath them to your children as inherited property and can make them slaves for life, but you must not rule over your fellow Israelites ruthlessly.
47 “‘If a foreigner residing among you becomes rich and any of your fellow Israelites become poor and sell themselves(BJ) to the foreigner or to a member of the foreigner’s clan, 48 they retain the right of redemption(BK) after they have sold themselves. One of their relatives(BL) may redeem them: 49 An uncle or a cousin or any blood relative in their clan may redeem them. Or if they prosper,(BM) they may redeem themselves. 50 They and their buyer are to count the time from the year they sold themselves up to the Year of Jubilee.(BN) The price for their release is to be based on the rate paid to a hired worker(BO) for that number of years. 51 If many years remain, they must pay for their redemption a larger share of the price paid for them. 52 If only a few years remain until the Year of Jubilee, they are to compute that and pay for their redemption accordingly.(BP) 53 They are to be treated as workers hired from year to year; you must see to it that those to whom they owe service do not rule over them ruthlessly.(BQ)
54 “‘Even if someone is not redeemed in any of these ways, they and their children are to be released in the Year of Jubilee, 55 for the Israelites belong to me as servants. They are my servants, whom I brought out of Egypt.(BR) I am the Lord your God.(BS)
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