Micah 6:1-8
New English Translation
The Lord Demands Justice, not Ritual
6 Listen to what the Lord says:
“Get up! Defend yourself[a] before the mountains.[b]
Present your case before the hills.”[c]
2 Hear the Lord’s accusation, you mountains,
you enduring foundations of the earth.
For the Lord has a case against his people;
he has a dispute with Israel![d]
3 “My people, how have I wronged you?[e]
How have I wearied you? Answer me!
4 In fact, I brought you up from the land of Egypt;
I delivered you from that place of slavery.
I sent Moses, Aaron, and Miriam to lead you.[f]
5 My people, recall how King Balak of Moab planned to harm you,[g]
how Balaam son of Beor responded to him.
Recall how you journeyed from Shittim to Gilgal,
so you might acknowledge that the Lord has treated you fairly.”[h]
6 With what should I[i] enter the Lord’s presence?
With what[j] should I bow before the sovereign God?[k]
Should I enter his presence with burnt offerings,
with year-old calves?
7 Will the Lord accept a thousand rams
or ten thousand streams of olive oil?
Should I give him my firstborn child as payment for my rebellion,
my offspring—my own flesh and blood—for my sin?[l]
8 He has told you,[m] O man, what is good,
and what the Lord really wants from you:[n]
He wants you to[o] carry out justice,[p] to love faithfulness,[q]
and to live obediently before[r] your God.
Footnotes
- Micah 6:1 tn Or “plead your case” (NASB, NIV, NRSV); NAB “present your plea”; NLT “state your case.”sn Defend yourself. The Lord challenges Israel to defend itself against the charges he is bringing.
- Micah 6:1 sn As in some ancient Near Eastern treaties, the mountains are personified as legal witnesses that will settle the dispute between God and Israel.
- Micah 6:1 tn Heb “let the hills hear your voice.”
- Micah 6:2 tn The prophet briefly interrupts the Lord’s statement (see vv. 1, 3) to summon the mountains as witnesses. Though the prophet speaks, the quotation marks have been omitted to clarify that it is not the Lord still speaking.
- Micah 6:3 tn Heb “My people, what have I done to you?”
- Micah 6:4 tn Heb “before you.”
- Micah 6:5 tn Heb “remember what Balak…planned.”
- Micah 6:5 tn Heb “From Shittim to Gilgal, in order to know the just acts of the Lord.” Something appears to be missing at the beginning of the line. The present translation supplies the words, “Recall how you went.” This apparently refers to how Israel crossed the Jordan River (see Josh 3:1; 4:19-24).
- Micah 6:6 sn With what should I enter the Lord’s presence? The prophet speaks again, playing the role of an inquisitive worshiper who wants to know what God really desires from his followers.
- Micah 6:6 tn The words “with what” do double duty in the parallelism and are supplied in the second line of the translation for clarification.
- Micah 6:6 tn Or “the exalted God.”
- Micah 6:7 tn Heb “the fruit of my body for the sin of my soul.” The Hebrew term נֶפֶשׁ (nefesh) is often translated “soul,” but the word usually refers to the whole person; here “the sin of my soul” = “my sin.” sn Since child sacrifice is forbidden in scripture (Deut 12:31; 18:10), the speaker is revealed to not be in earnest but perhaps sarcastic.
- Micah 6:8 sn Now the prophet switches roles and answers the question of the hypothetical worshiper. He rebukes the extravagant surface remark by pointing to general character qualities that are lacking in Israel.
- Micah 6:8 tn Heb “is seeking from you.”
- Micah 6:8 tn Heb “except.” This statement is actually linked with what precedes, “What does he want from you except….”
- Micah 6:8 tn Or “to act justly.”
- Micah 6:8 tn Or “to love faithfully.” The Hebrew word חֶסֶד (khesed) is complex, sometimes translated “lovingkindness,” faithfulness,” or “loyal love.” It has also been understood as covenant loyalty. חֶסֶד is either the object or the manner of the infinitive “to love.”
- Micah 6:8 tn Heb “to walk humbly [or perhaps, “carefully”] with.”
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