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10 When Sanballat the Horonite[a] and Tobiah the Ammonite official had heard of this, they were very much displeased that someone had come to improve the lot of the Israelites.

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Footnotes

  1. 2:10 Sanballat the Horonite: the governor of the province of Samaria (3:33–34), apparently a native of one of the Beth-horons. A letter from the Jews living at Elephantine in southern Egypt, dated 408–407 B.C., mentions “Delayah and Shelemyah, the sons of Sanballat, the governor of Samaria,” and papyri discovered in the Wadi ed-Dâliyeh in the Jordan Valley refer to a Sanballat, governor of Samaria, during the last years of Persian rule. Although his own name was Babylonian—Sin-uballit, i.e., “Sin (the moon god) has given life”—his two sons had names based on the divine name Yhwh. Tobiah the Ammonite official: the governor of the province of Ammon in Transjordan. His title, “official,” lit., “servant” (in Hebrew, ‘ebed), could also be understood as “slave,” and Nehemiah perhaps meant it in this derogatory sense. The Tobiads remained a powerful family even in Maccabean times, and something of their history is known from 2 Maccabees (3:11; 12:17), Josephus (Ant. 12:160–236), the Zeno papyri of the third century B.C., and excavation at ‘Araq el-‘Emir in Jordan. Sanballat and Tobiah, together with Geshem the Arab (Neh 2:19; 6:1–2), who was probably in charge of Edom and the regions to the south and southeast of Judah, opposed the rebuilding of Jerusalem’s walls on political grounds; the city was the capital of a rival province.

10 When Sanballat(A) the Horonite and Tobiah(B) the Ammonite official heard about this, they were very much disturbed that someone had come to promote the welfare of the Israelites.(C)

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Reform in the Temple. [a]Before this, the priest Eliashib, who had been placed in charge of the chambers of the house of our God and who was an associate of Tobiah, (A)had set aside for the latter’s use a large chamber in which had previously been stored the grain offerings, incense and vessels, the tithes in grain, wine, and oil allotted to the Levites, singers, and gatekeepers, and the offerings due the priests.

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Footnotes

  1. 13:4–31 This is part of the “Memoirs of Nehemiah”; it is continued in 10:1–40.

Before this, Eliashib the priest had been put in charge of the storerooms(A) of the house of our God. He was closely associated with Tobiah,(B) and he had provided him with a large room formerly used to store the grain offerings and incense and temple articles, and also the tithes(C) of grain, new wine and olive oil prescribed for the Levites, musicians and gatekeepers, as well as the contributions for the priests.

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and returned to Jerusalem, where I discovered the evil thing that Eliashib had done for Tobiah, in setting aside for him a chamber in the courts of the house of God. This displeased me very much, so I had all of Tobiah’s household goods thrown outside the chamber. Then I gave orders to purify the chambers, and I brought back the vessels of the house of God, the grain offerings, and the incense.

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and came back to Jerusalem. Here I learned about the evil thing Eliashib(A) had done in providing Tobiah(B) a room in the courts of the house of God. I was greatly displeased and threw all Tobiah’s household goods out of the room.(C) I gave orders to purify the rooms,(D) and then I put back into them the equipment of the house of God, with the grain offerings and the incense.(E)

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