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Victory over Sihon. 21 Now Israel sent messengers to Sihon, king of the Amorites, with the message, 22 “Let us pass through your land. We will not turn aside into any field or vineyard, nor will we drink any well water, but we will go straight along the King’s Highway until we have passed through your territory.” 23 Sihon,(A) however, would not permit Israel to pass through his territory, but mustered all his forces and advanced against Israel into the wilderness. When he reached Jahaz, he engaged Israel in battle. 24 But Israel put him to the sword, and took possession of his land from the Arnon to the Jabbok and as far as Jazer of the Ammonites, for Jazer is the boundary of the Ammonites. 25 (B)Israel seized all the towns here, and Israel settled in all the towns of the Amorites, in Heshbon and all its dependencies. 26 For Heshbon was the city of Sihon, king of the Amorites, who had fought against the former king of Moab and had taken all his land from him as far as the Arnon. 27 That is why the poets say:

“Come to Heshbon, let it be rebuilt,
    let Sihon’s city be firmly constructed.
28 For fire went forth from Heshbon
    and a blaze from the city of Sihon;
It consumed Ar of Moab
    and swallowed up the high places of the Arnon.
29 Woe to you, Moab!
    You are no more, people of Chemosh![a]
He let his sons become fugitives
    and his daughters be taken captive by the Amorite king Sihon.
30 From Heshbon to Dibon their dominion is no more;
    Ar is laid waste; fires blaze as far as Medeba.”

31 So Israel settled in the land of the Amorites. 32 Moses sent spies to Jazer; and the Israelites captured it with its dependencies and dispossessed the Amorites who were there.

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Footnotes

  1. 21:29 Chemosh: the chief god of the Moabites, mentioned in the famous inscription of Mesha, king of Moab, who ruled at the same time as the Omrides in Israel. Cf. 1 Kgs 11:7, 33; 2 Kgs 23:13; Jer 48:7, 13.

Defeat of Sihon and Og

21 Israel sent messengers(A) to say to Sihon(B) king of the Amorites:(C)

22 “Let us pass through your country. We will not turn aside into any field or vineyard, or drink water from any well. We will travel along the King’s Highway until we have passed through your territory.(D)

23 But Sihon would not let Israel pass through his territory.(E) He mustered his entire army and marched out into the wilderness against Israel. When he reached Jahaz,(F) he fought with Israel.(G) 24 Israel, however, put him to the sword(H) and took over his land(I) from the Arnon to the Jabbok,(J) but only as far as the Ammonites,(K) because their border was fortified. 25 Israel captured all the cities of the Amorites(L) and occupied them,(M) including Heshbon(N) and all its surrounding settlements. 26 Heshbon was the city of Sihon(O) king of the Amorites,(P) who had fought against the former king of Moab(Q) and had taken from him all his land as far as the Arnon.(R)

27 That is why the poets say:

“Come to Heshbon and let it be rebuilt;
    let Sihon’s city be restored.

28 “Fire went out from Heshbon,
    a blaze from the city of Sihon.(S)
It consumed(T) Ar(U) of Moab,
    the citizens of Arnon’s heights.(V)
29 Woe to you, Moab!(W)
    You are destroyed, people of Chemosh!(X)
He has given up his sons as fugitives(Y)
    and his daughters as captives(Z)
    to Sihon king of the Amorites.

30 “But we have overthrown them;
    Heshbon’s dominion has been destroyed all the way to Dibon.(AA)
We have demolished them as far as Nophah,
    which extends to Medeba.(AB)

31 So Israel settled in the land of the Amorites.(AC)

32 After Moses had sent spies(AD) to Jazer,(AE) the Israelites captured its surrounding settlements and drove out the Amorites who were there.

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Defeat of Sihon. 24 (A)Advance now across the Wadi Arnon. I now deliver into your power Sihon, the Amorite king of Heshbon, and his land. Begin to take possession; engage him in battle.(B) 25 This day I will begin to put a fear and dread of you into the peoples everywhere under heaven, so that at the mention of your name they will quake and tremble before you.

26 So I sent messengers from the wilderness of Kedemoth to Sihon, king of Heshbon, with this offer of peace: 27 “Let me pass through your country. I will travel only on the road. I will not turn aside either to the right or to the left. 28 The food I eat you will sell me for money, and the water I drink, you will give me for money. Only let me march through, 29 as the descendants of Esau who dwell in Seir and the Moabites who dwell in Ar have done, until I cross the Jordan into the land the Lord, our God, is about to give us.”(C) 30 But Sihon, king of Heshbon, refused to let us pass through his land, because the Lord, your God, made him stubborn in mind and obstinate in heart that he might deliver him into your power, as indeed he has now done.

31 Then the Lord said to me, Now that I have already begun to give over to you Sihon and his land, begin to take possession. 32 So Sihon and all his people advanced against us to join battle at Jahaz; 33 but since the Lord, our God, had given him over to us, we defeated him and his sons and all his people. 34 (D)At that time we captured all his cities and put every city under the ban,[a] men, women and children; we left no survivor. 35 Our only plunder was the livestock and the spoils of the captured cities. 36 From Aroer on the edge of the Wadi Arnon and from the town in the wadi itself, as far as Gilead,(E) no city was too well fortified for us. All of them the Lord, our God, gave over to us. 37 However, just as the Lord, our God, commanded us, you did not encroach upon any of the Ammonite land, neither the region bordering on the Wadi Jabbok, nor the cities of the highlands.(F)

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Footnotes

  1. 2:34 Under the ban: in Hebrew, herem, which means to devote to the Lord (cf. 7:1–5; 20:10–18). The biblical text often presents herem as the total extermination of a population as a manifestation of the will of the Lord. It is historically doubtful that Israel ever literally carried out this theological program.

Defeat of Sihon King of Heshbon

24 “Set out now and cross the Arnon Gorge.(A) See, I have given into your hand Sihon the Amorite,(B) king of Heshbon, and his country. Begin to take possession of it and engage(C) him in battle. 25 This very day I will begin to put the terror(D) and fear(E) of you on all the nations under heaven. They will hear reports of you and will tremble(F) and be in anguish because of you.”

26 From the Desert of Kedemoth(G) I sent messengers to Sihon(H) king of Heshbon offering peace(I) and saying, 27 “Let us pass through your country. We will stay on the main road; we will not turn aside to the right or to the left.(J) 28 Sell us food to eat(K) and water to drink for their price in silver. Only let us pass through on foot(L) 29 as the descendants of Esau, who live in Seir, and the Moabites, who live in Ar, did for us—until we cross the Jordan into the land the Lord our God is giving us.” 30 But Sihon king of Heshbon refused to let us pass through. For the Lord(M) your God had made his spirit stubborn(N) and his heart obstinate(O) in order to give him into your hands,(P) as he has now done.

31 The Lord said to me, “See, I have begun to deliver Sihon and his country over to you. Now begin to conquer and possess his land.”(Q)

32 When Sihon and all his army came out to meet us in battle(R) at Jahaz, 33 the Lord our God delivered(S) him over to us and we struck him down,(T) together with his sons and his whole army. 34 At that time we took all his towns and completely destroyed[a](U) them—men, women and children. We left no survivors. 35 But the livestock(V) and the plunder(W) from the towns we had captured we carried off for ourselves. 36 From Aroer(X) on the rim of the Arnon Gorge, and from the town in the gorge, even as far as Gilead,(Y) not one town was too strong for us. The Lord our God gave(Z) us all of them. 37 But in accordance with the command of the Lord our God,(AA) you did not encroach on any of the land of the Ammonites,(AB) neither the land along the course of the Jabbok(AC) nor that around the towns in the hills.

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Footnotes

  1. Deuteronomy 2:34 The Hebrew term refers to the irrevocable giving over of things or persons to the Lord, often by totally destroying them.

16 Below, his roots dry up,
    and above, his branches wither.

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16 His roots dry up below(A)
    and his branches wither above.(B)

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16 [a]Ephraim is stricken,
    their root is dried up;(A)
    they will bear no fruit.(B)
Were they to bear children,
    I would slay the beloved of their womb.

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Footnotes

  1. 9:16 Wordplay on the Hebrew word for “fruit” (peri) and Ephraim (see note on 8:9). The whole passage (vv. 10–17) presents a reversal of Ephraim’s name (Gn 41:52). He will have no fruit, a condition which will result in extinction.

16 Ephraim(A) is blighted,
    their root is withered,
    they yield no fruit.(B)
Even if they bear children,
    I will slay(C) their cherished offspring.”

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