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Chapter 28

Daily Offerings.[a] The Lord spoke to Moses, saying, “Command the people of Israel and say to them, ‘You will be careful to present my offering in its proper time, my food for my offerings made by fire, a pleasant fragrance.’ You will say to them, ‘This is the offering that you will make by fire to the Lord: two male year-old lambs that are without defect. They are each day’s regular burnt offering.[b] You will offer one lamb in the morning, and you will offer the other lamb in the evening along with one-tenth of an ephah of fine flour mixed with one-fourth of a hin of pressed oil as a cereal offering. This is the regular burnt offering which was established on Mount Sinai as a pleasing fragrance, an offering made by fire to the Lord. Its drink offering is to be a fourth of a hin for each lamb. You will pour out the strong wine as a drink offering to the Lord in the sanctuary. The other lamb will be offered in the evening with the same cereal offering as in the morning and the drink offering. You will offer it as an offering made by fire, a pleasing fragrance to the Lord.

Sabbath Offerings. “ ‘On the Sabbath offer two male year-old lambs that are without defect, two-tenths of an ephah of fine flour mixed with oil as a cereal offering, and its drink offering. 10 The burnt offering for each Sabbath is in addition to the regular burnt offerings and their drink offerings.

11 Monthly Offerings.“ ‘At the beginnings of your months, you will offer a burnt offering to the Lord: two young bulls, one ram, and seven male year-old lambs that are without defect 12 along with three-tenths of an ephah of fine flour mixed with oil as a cereal offering for each young bull, two-tenths of an ephah of fine flour mixed with oil as a cereal offering for each ram, 13 and one-tenth of an ephah of fine flour mixed with oil as a cereal offering for each lamb. This will be a burnt offering, a pleasing fragrance, an offering made by fire to the Lord. 14 The drink offering will be half a hin of wine for each young bull, a third of a hin for each ram, and a fourth of a hin for each lamb. This is the burnt offering to be made each new moon[c] throughout the year. 15 Besides the regular burnt offerings with their drink offerings, one kid goat is to be offered to the Lord as a sin offering.

16 At Passover.[d]“ ‘The Passover of the Lord is to be celebrated on the fourteenth day of the first month. 17 The fifteenth day of this month is a feast, unleavened bread is to be eaten for seven days. 18 On the first day you will have a sacred assembly, you are not to do any heavy labor. 19 Present an offering made by fire of two young bulls, one ram, and seven male year-old lambs to the Lord. They are to be without defect. 20 Their grain offering will be fine flour mixed with oil. You will offer three-tenths of an ephah for a young bull and two-tenths of an ephah for a ram. 21 You will offer one-tenth of an ephah for each of the seven lambs 22 and one goat as a sin offering to make your atonement. 23 You will offer these in addition to the morning burnt offering, which is the regular burnt offering. 24 This is the way that you will offer the food of the offering made by fire each day for seven days, a pleasing fragrance to the Lord. It is offered in addition to the regular burnt offerings and their drink offerings. 25 On the seventh day you will have a holy assembly; you are not to do any heavy labor.

26 Pentecost.[e]“ ‘On the day of the firstfruits,[f] when you bring a new cereal offering to the Lord for the Feast of Weeks, you are to have a holy assembly; you are not to do any heavy labor. 27 You will present a burnt offering as a pleasing fragrance to the Lord of two young bulls, one ram, and seven male year-old lambs 28 along with their grain offerings of fine flour mixed with oil: three-tenths of an ephah for each young bull, two-tenths of an ephah for each ram, 29 and a tenth of an ephah for each of the seven lambs, 30 along with one kid goat to make your atonement. 31 They are to be without defect. 32 You will present them in addition to the regular burnt offerings along with their cereal offerings and their drink offerings.

Footnotes

  1. Numbers 28:1 These regulations complete those of Leviticus (chs. 1–7; 23) and the Book of Ezekiel (ch. 45); they describe the post-Exilic liturgy, the one that Jesus would later celebrate.
  2. Numbers 28:3 Regular burnt offering: referred to the daily offering, whereas there were additional offerings on the Sabbath (see vv. 9-10).
  3. Numbers 28:14 New moon: coincides with the offerings made at the beginning of each month.
  4. Numbers 28:16 Passover, which was long combined with the Feast of Unleavened Bread (Greek, azymes; see Ex 12), is the first major feast of the year (the year in this case begins in the spring).
  5. Numbers 28:26 Pentecost, which comes seven weeks after Passover, celebrates the harvest and commemorates God’s self-revelation on Sinai after the departure from Egypt (see Lev 23:15-21).
  6. Numbers 28:26 Day of the firstfruits: usually referred to as the Feast of Weeks.

Daily Offerings

28 The Lord said to Moses, “Give this command to the Israelites and say to them: ‘Make sure that you present to me at the appointed time(A) my food(B) offerings, as an aroma pleasing to me.’(C) Say to them: ‘This is the food offering you are to present to the Lord: two lambs a year old without defect,(D) as a regular burnt offering each day.(E) Offer one lamb in the morning and the other at twilight,(F) together with a grain offering(G) of a tenth of an ephah[a] of the finest flour(H) mixed with a quarter of a hin[b] of oil(I) from pressed olives. This is the regular burnt offering(J) instituted at Mount Sinai(K) as a pleasing aroma, a food offering presented to the Lord.(L) The accompanying drink offering(M) is to be a quarter of a hin of fermented drink(N) with each lamb. Pour out the drink offering to the Lord at the sanctuary.(O) Offer the second lamb at twilight,(P) along with the same kind of grain offering and drink offering that you offer in the morning.(Q) This is a food offering, an aroma pleasing to the Lord.(R)

Sabbath Offerings

“‘On the Sabbath(S) day, make an offering of two lambs a year old without defect,(T) together with its drink offering and a grain offering of two-tenths of an ephah[c](U) of the finest flour mixed with olive oil.(V) 10 This is the burnt offering for every Sabbath,(W) in addition to the regular burnt offering(X) and its drink offering.

Monthly Offerings

11 “‘On the first of every month,(Y) present to the Lord a burnt offering of two young bulls,(Z) one ram(AA) and seven male lambs a year old, all without defect.(AB) 12 With each bull there is to be a grain offering(AC) of three-tenths of an ephah[d](AD) of the finest flour mixed with oil; with the ram, a grain offering of two-tenths(AE) of an ephah of the finest flour mixed with oil; 13 and with each lamb, a grain offering(AF) of a tenth(AG) of an ephah of the finest flour mixed with oil. This is for a burnt offering,(AH) a pleasing aroma, a food offering presented to the Lord.(AI) 14 With each bull there is to be a drink offering(AJ) of half a hin[e] of wine; with the ram, a third of a hin[f]; and with each lamb, a quarter of a hin. This is the monthly burnt offering to be made at each new moon(AK) during the year. 15 Besides the regular burnt offering(AL) with its drink offering, one male goat(AM) is to be presented to the Lord as a sin offering.[g](AN)

The Passover(AO)

16 “‘On the fourteenth day of the first month the Lord’s Passover(AP) is to be held. 17 On the fifteenth day of this month there is to be a festival; for seven days(AQ) eat bread made without yeast.(AR) 18 On the first day hold a sacred assembly and do no regular work.(AS) 19 Present to the Lord a food offering(AT) consisting of a burnt offering of two young bulls, one ram and seven male lambs a year old, all without defect.(AU) 20 With each bull offer a grain offering of three-tenths of an ephah(AV) of the finest flour mixed with oil; with the ram, two-tenths;(AW) 21 and with each of the seven lambs, one-tenth.(AX) 22 Include one male goat as a sin offering(AY) to make atonement for you.(AZ) 23 Offer these in addition to the regular morning burnt offering. 24 In this way present the food offering every day for seven days as an aroma pleasing to the Lord;(BA) it is to be offered in addition to the regular burnt offering and its drink offering. 25 On the seventh day hold a sacred assembly and do no regular work.

The Festival of Weeks(BB)

26 “‘On the day of firstfruits,(BC) when you present to the Lord an offering of new grain during the Festival of Weeks,(BD) hold a sacred assembly and do no regular work.(BE) 27 Present a burnt offering of two young bulls, one ram and seven male lambs a year old as an aroma pleasing to the Lord.(BF) 28 With each bull there is to be a grain offering of three-tenths of an ephah of the finest flour mixed with oil; with the ram, two-tenths;(BG) 29 and with each of the seven lambs, one-tenth.(BH) 30 Include one male goat(BI) to make atonement for you. 31 Offer these together with their drink offerings, in addition to the regular burnt offering(BJ) and its grain offering. Be sure the animals are without defect.

Footnotes

  1. Numbers 28:5 That is, probably about 3 1/2 pounds or about 1.6 kilograms; also in verses 13, 21 and 29
  2. Numbers 28:5 That is, about 1 quart or about 1 liter; also in verses 7 and 14
  3. Numbers 28:9 That is, probably about 7 pounds or about 3.2 kilograms; also in verses 12, 20 and 28
  4. Numbers 28:12 That is, probably about 11 pounds or about 5 kilograms; also in verses 20 and 28
  5. Numbers 28:14 That is, about 2 quarts or about 1.9 liters
  6. Numbers 28:14 That is, about 1 1/3 quarts or about 1.3 liters
  7. Numbers 28:15 Or purification offering; also in verse 22