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Circumcised on the eighth day,[a] of the race of Israel, of the tribe of Benjamin, a Hebrew of Hebrew parentage, in observance of the law a Pharisee,(A) in zeal I persecuted the church, in righteousness based on the law I was blameless.(B)

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Footnotes

  1. 3:5 Circumcised on the eighth day: as the law required (Gn 17:12; Lv 12:3).

circumcised(A) on the eighth day, of the people of Israel,(B) of the tribe of Benjamin,(C) a Hebrew of Hebrews; in regard to the law, a Pharisee;(D) as for zeal,(E) persecuting the church;(F) as for righteousness based on the law,(G) faultless.

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13 [a]For you heard of my former way of life in Judaism, how I persecuted the church of God beyond measure and tried to destroy it,(A) 14 and progressed in Judaism beyond many of my contemporaries among my race, since I was even more a zealot for my ancestral traditions.(B)

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Footnotes

  1. 1:13–17 Along with Phil 3:4–11, which also moves from autobiography to its climax in a discussion on justification by faith (cf. Gal 2:15–21), this passage is Paul’s chief account of the change from his former way of life (Gal 1:13) to service as a Christian missionary (Gal 1:16); cf. Acts 9:1–22; 22:4–16; 26:9–18. Paul himself does not use the term “conversion” but stresses revelation (Gal 1:12, 16). In Gal 1:15 his language echoes the Old Testament prophetic call of Jeremiah. Unlike the account in Acts (cf. Acts 22:4–16), the calling of Paul here includes the mission to proclaim Christ to the Gentiles (Gal 1:16).

13 For you have heard of my previous way of life in Judaism,(A) how intensely I persecuted the church of God(B) and tried to destroy it.(C) 14 I was advancing in Judaism beyond many of my own age among my people and was extremely zealous(D) for the traditions of my fathers.(E)

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22 [a]Are they Hebrews? So am I. Are they Israelites? So am I. Are they descendants of Abraham? So am I.(A)

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Footnotes

  1. 11:22 The opponents apparently pride themselves on their “Jewishness.” Paul, too, can claim to be a Jew by race, religion, and promise. Descendants of Abraham: elsewhere Paul distinguishes authentic from inauthentic heirs of Abraham and the promise (Rom 4:13–18; 9:7–13; 11:1; Gal 3:9, 27–29; cf. Jn 8:33–47). Here he grants his opponents this title in order to concentrate on the principal claim that follows.

22 Are they Hebrews? So am I.(A) Are they Israelites? So am I.(B) Are they Abraham’s descendants? So am I.(C)

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