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In distress you called and I rescued you;
    I answered you in secret with thunder;
At the waters of Meribah[a] I tested you:(A)

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Footnotes

  1. 81:8 Meribah: place of rebellion in the wilderness; cf. Ex 17:7; Nm 20:13.

Hear me, my people,(A) and I will warn you—
    if you would only listen to me, Israel!

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VII

32 At the waters of Meribah they angered God,(A)
    and Moses suffered because of them.[a]

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Footnotes

  1. 106:32 Moses suffered because of them: Moses was not allowed to enter the promised land because of his rash words (Nm 20:12). According to Dt 1:37, Moses was not allowed to cross because of the people’s sin, not his own.

32 By the waters of Meribah(A) they angered the Lord,
    and trouble came to Moses because of them;

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Israel’s Infidelity a Warning. [a]Therefore, as the holy Spirit says:

“Oh, that today you would hear his voice,(A)
    ‘Harden not your hearts as at the rebellion
        in the day of testing in the desert,
    where your ancestors tested and tried me
        and saw my works(B) 10 for forty years.
    Because of this I was provoked with that generation
        and I said, “They have always been of erring heart,
        and they do not know my ways.”
11     As I swore in my wrath,
        “They shall not enter into my rest.”’”

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Footnotes

  1. 3:7–4:13 The author appeals for steadfastness of faith in Jesus, basing his warning on the experience of Israel during the Exodus. In the Old Testament the Exodus had been invoked as a symbol of the return of Israel from the Babylonian exile (Is 42:9; 43:16–21; 51:9–11). In the New Testament the redemption was similarly understood as a new exodus, both in the experience of Jesus himself (Lk 9:31) and in that of his followers (1 Cor 10:1–4). The author cites Ps 95:7–11, a salutary example of hardness of heart, as a warning against the danger of growing weary and giving up the journey. To call God living (Hb 3:12) means that he reveals himself in his works (cf. Jos 3:10; Jer 10:11). The rest (Hb 3:11) into which Israel was to enter was only a foreshadowing of that rest to which Christians are called. They are to remember the example of Israel’s revolt in the desert that cost a whole generation the loss of the promised land (Hb 3:15–19; cf. Nm 14:20–29). In Hb 4:1–11, the symbol of rest is seen in deeper dimension: because the promise to the ancient Hebrews foreshadowed that given to Christians, it is good news; and because the promised land was the place of rest that God provided for his people, it was a share in his own rest, which he enjoyed after he had finished his creative work (Hb 3:3–4; cf. Gn 2:2). The author attempts to read this meaning of God’s rest into Ps 95:7–11 (Hb 3:6–9). The Greek form of the name of Joshua, who led Israel into the promised land, is Jesus (Hb 3:8). The author plays upon the name but stresses the superiority of Jesus, who leads his followers into heavenly rest. Hb 3:12, 13 are meant as a continuation of the warning, for the word of God brings judgment as well as salvation. Some would capitalize the word of God and see it as a personal title of Jesus, comparable to that of Jn 1:1–18.

Warning Against Unbelief

So, as the Holy Spirit says:(A)

“Today, if you hear his voice,
    do not harden your hearts(B)
as you did in the rebellion,
    during the time of testing in the wilderness,
where your ancestors tested and tried me,
    though for forty years they saw what I did.(C)
10 That is why I was angry with that generation;
    I said, ‘Their hearts are always going astray,
    and they have not known my ways.’
11 So I declared on oath in my anger,(D)
    ‘They shall never enter my rest.’ (E)[a](F)

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Footnotes

  1. Hebrews 3:11 Psalm 95:7-11

15 for it is said:

“Oh, that today you would hear his voice:
‘Harden not your hearts as at the rebellion.’”(A)

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15 As has just been said:

“Today, if you hear his voice,
    do not harden your hearts
    as you did in the rebellion.”[a](A)

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Footnotes

  1. Hebrews 3:15 Psalm 95:7,8

For we who believed enter into [that] rest, just as he has said:(A)

“As I swore in my wrath,
    ‘They shall not enter into my rest,’”

and yet his works were accomplished at the foundation of the world.

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Now we who have believed enter that rest, just as God has said,

“So I declared on oath in my anger,
    ‘They shall never enter my rest.’”[a](A)

And yet his works have been finished since the creation of the world.

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Footnotes

  1. Hebrews 4:3 Psalm 95:11; also in verse 5

and again, in the previously mentioned place, “They shall not enter into my rest.”(A)

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And again in the passage above he says, “They shall never enter my rest.”(A)

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he once more set a day, “today,” when long afterwards he spoke through David, as already quoted:(A)

“Oh, that today you would hear his voice:
‘Harden not your hearts.’”

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God again set a certain day, calling it “Today.” This he did when a long time later he spoke through David, as in the passage already quoted:

“Today, if you hear his voice,
    do not harden your hearts.”[a](A)

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Footnotes

  1. Hebrews 4:7 Psalm 95:7,8