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28 And just as they did not see fit to acknowledge God,[a] God gave them over to a depraved mind, to do what should not be done.[b] 29 They are filled[c] with every kind of unrighteousness, wickedness, covetousness, malice. They are rife with[d] envy, murder, strife, deceit, hostility. They are gossips, 30 slanderers, haters of God, insolent, arrogant, boastful, contrivers of all sorts of evil, disobedient to parents, 31 senseless, covenant-breakers,[e] heartless, ruthless. 32 Although they fully know[f] God’s righteous decree that those who practice such things deserve to die,[g] they not only do them but also approve of those who practice them.[h]

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Footnotes

  1. Romans 1:28 tn Grk “and just as they did not approve to have God in knowledge.”
  2. Romans 1:28 tn Grk “the things that are improper.”
  3. Romans 1:29 tn Grk “being filled” or “having been filled,” referring to those described in v. 28. Because of the length and complexity of the Greek sentence, a new sentence was started here in the translation.
  4. Romans 1:29 tn Grk “malice, full of,” continuing the description. Because of the length and complexity of the Greek sentence, a new sentence was started here in the translation.
  5. Romans 1:31 tn Or “promise-breakers.”
  6. Romans 1:32 tn Grk “who, knowing…, not only do them but also approve…” Because of the length and complexity of the Greek sentence, a new sentence was started here in the translation.
  7. Romans 1:32 tn Grk “are worthy of death.”
  8. Romans 1:32 sn “Vice lists” like vv. 28-32 can be found elsewhere in the NT in Matt 15:19; Gal 5:19-21; 1 Tim 1:9-10; and 1 Pet 4:3. An example from the intertestamental period can be found in Wis 14:25-26.

28 Furthermore, just as they did not think it worthwhile to retain the knowledge of God, so God gave them over(A) to a depraved mind, so that they do what ought not to be done. 29 They have become filled with every kind of wickedness, evil, greed and depravity. They are full of envy, murder, strife, deceit and malice. They are gossips,(B) 30 slanderers, God-haters, insolent, arrogant and boastful; they invent ways of doing evil; they disobey their parents;(C) 31 they have no understanding, no fidelity, no love,(D) no mercy. 32 Although they know God’s righteous decree that those who do such things deserve death,(E) they not only continue to do these very things but also approve(F) of those who practice them.

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