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16 Greet one another with a holy kiss. All the churches of Christ greet you.(A)

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20 All the brothers greet you. Greet one another with a holy kiss.(A)

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22 (A)all the holy ones send you their greetings, especially those of Caesar’s household.[a]

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Footnotes

  1. 4:22 Those of Caesar’s household: minor officials or even slaves and freedmen, found in Ephesus or Rome, among other places.

IV. Final Greeting

26 Greet all the brothers with a holy kiss.[a]

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Footnotes

  1. 5:26 Kiss: the holy embrace (see Rom 16:16; 1 Cor 16:20; 2 Cor 13:12; 1 Pt 5:14) was a greeting of respect and affection, perhaps given during a liturgy at which Paul’s letter would have been read.

14 Greet one another with a loving kiss. Peace to all of you who are in Christ.(A)

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