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God the Creator and Lawgiver[a]

24 Listen to me, my child, and acquire knowledge;
    pay close attention to what I have to say.
25 I will impart discipline precisely
    and proclaim knowledge accurately.
26 When God created his works in the beginning,
    in doing so he determined their boundaries.
27 He defined their functions for all time
    and their domains for all generations.
They never hunger or grow weary,
    nor do they ever abandon their tasks.
28 Never do they crowd one another,
    nor do they ever disobey his word.
29 Then the Lord looked upon the earth
    and filled it with his good things.
30 With every kind of living creature he covered its surface,
    and into it they must return.

Chapter 17

The Lord fashioned man from the earth
    and causes him to return to it again.
He granted him a fixed span of days
    and gave him dominion over everything on earth.
He endowed him with strength like his own
    and made him in his own image.
He put the fear of him into all living things
    and made him the master over beasts and birds.
[He received the use of the five faculties from the Lord;
    as a sixth he gave him the gift of mind,
    and as a seventh the gift of reason, the interpreter of one’s faculties.][b]
He fashioned men’s tongues, eyes, and ears
    and gave them minds with which to think.
He filled them with wisdom and understanding
    and a knowledge of good and evil.
He placed the fear of him into their hearts
    to display to them the majesty of his works
[and to enable them to proclaim his marvelous deeds][c]
10     so that they may give praise to his holy name.
11 He granted knowledge to them,
    endowing them with the law of life.
    [Thus, they might know that those who are living are mortal.][d]
12 An everlasting covenant he established with them,
    and his decrees[e] he revealed to them.
13 Their eyes beheld his glorious majesty,
    and their ears heard the glory of his voice.[f]
14 He said to them, “Refrain from all wrongdoing,”
    and he gave them a commandment concerning duties toward one’s neighbor.
15 Their ways are always known to him;
    they cannot be hidden from his sight.
[16 Their ways from childhood tend toward evil,
    and they cannot transform their stony hearts into hearts of flesh.][g]
17 He appointed a ruler[h] over every nation,
    but Israel is the Lord’s own portion.
[18 Since Israel is his firstborn,
    he rears him with discipline,
bestowing on him the light of his love
    and not neglecting him.][i]
19 All their deeds are as clear as the sun to him,
    and his eyes are ever upon their ways.
20 Their iniquities are not hidden from him;
    all their sins are before the Lord.
[21 Yet the Lord, who is compassionate
    and knows how they are formed,
has neither left nor abandoned them
    but spared them.][j]
22 Almsgiving is like a signet ring to him,
    and he cherishes kindness like the apple of his eye.
    [He apportions repentance to his sons and daughters.][k]
23 In the end, he will rise up and repay the wicked,
    bringing down retribution on their heads.
24 But to those who repent he allows a return,
    and he encourages those who have lost hope.

Return to the Lord[l]

25 Therefore, return to the Lord and renounce your wicked ways;
    pray in his presence and lessen your offense.
26 Return to the Most High, turn away from iniquity,
    [for he will guide you out of darkness and into the light of health,][m]
    and hate intensely what he abhors.
27 [n]Who will glorify the Most High in the netherworld
    in place of the living who give praise?
28 The dead cannot offer praise anymore than those who have never lived;
    only those who are alive and well sing the Lord’s praises.
29 How great is the mercy of the Lord
    and the forgiveness he offers to those who return to him!
30 Many things are beyond the human capacity to achieve,
    since the son of man is not immortal.
31 Is anything brighter than the sun? Yet it is subject to eclipse.
    Thus, flesh and blood devise evil plans.[o]
32 God watches over the hosts of the highest heavens,
    but all men are merely dust and ashes.

Chapter 18

The Wonders of the Lord Are Unfathomable[p]

He who lives forever is the Creator of the entire universe;
    the Lord alone is righteous.
[2b [q]And there are no others beside him.
He guides the world with a turn of his hand,
    and all things obey his will;
for he is king of all things by his power,
    separating the holy things among them from the profane.]
To no one has he given the power to adequately proclaim his works,
    and who can fathom his mighty deeds?
Who can assess his majestic power
    or fully recount all of his mercies?
The wonders of the Lord can be neither diminished nor increased,
    nor are they possible to fathom.
When a man finishes, he is still only beginning,
    and when he stops, he is still confused.

What Is a Man?[r]

What is a man? What purpose does he serve?
    What about him is good, and what is evil?
The span of his life is great
    if he attains one hundred years.
    [But the death of each one is beyond the calculation of all.][s]
10 Like a drop of water from the sea or a grain of sand,
    such are these few years compared with eternity.
11 That is why the Lord is patient with men
    and pours out his mercy on them.
12 He sees and recognizes how wretched their end will be,
    and thus he is even more lavish with his compassion.
13 Man’s compassion is for his neighbor,
    but the compassion of the Lord extends to everyone.
He rebukes, trains, and teaches them,
    and he brings them back into the fold as a shepherd does his flock.
14 He has compassion on those who accept his teaching
    and are diligent in obeying his precepts.

Footnotes

  1. Wisdom of Ben Sira 16:24 In his demonstration, the author introduces a hymn to God the Creator that is also a chant for human beings. Sacred history is linked with the work of creation: God has revealed his law to his chosen people and concluded a covenant with his own. The song of praise concludes with a moral lesson; the past shows that all human beings, especially those who belong to the chosen people, will answer to God for their actions. But the Lord is a judge who is ever ready to pardon those who implore him and to reward those who uphold their brothers and sisters (Sir 17:22).
  2. Wisdom of Ben Sira 17:5 Added by some early MSS.
  3. Wisdom of Ben Sira 17:9 Added by some early MSS.
  4. Wisdom of Ben Sira 17:11 Added by some early MSS.
  5. Wisdom of Ben Sira 17:12 An everlasting covenant . . . his decrees: a reference to the covenants that God made with human beings (e.g., Gen 2:15ff; 17:1-22, and especially the covenant of Mount Sinai when God gave the Mosaic Law, Ex 19:16ff).
  6. Wisdom of Ben Sira 17:13 The author evokes the Lord’s manifestation at Sinai (Ex 19:16-25).
  7. Wisdom of Ben Sira 17:16 Added by some early MSS.
  8. Wisdom of Ben Sira 17:17 Ruler: this term can be taken as referring to a civil ruler or to angels who are placed over nations as their guardians (see Deut 32:8). The Lord’s own portion: an allusion to Israel’s special position with God (see Deut 32:8f).
  9. Wisdom of Ben Sira 17:18 Added by some early MSS.
  10. Wisdom of Ben Sira 17:21 Added by some early MSS.
  11. Wisdom of Ben Sira 17:22 Added by some early MSS.
  12. Wisdom of Ben Sira 17:25 It is the Lord who gives life and allows people to live on earth. The author still regards the sojourn of the dead as a place in which there is no hope and from which there is no return. Other believers affirm that this life of humans cannot be definitively destroyed by death (Wis 3; 2 Mac 7; 12:44; Dan 12:2-3). Christ will say: “I have come / that they may have life, / and have it in abundance” (Jn 10:10).
  13. Wisdom of Ben Sira 17:26 Added by some early MSS.
  14. Wisdom of Ben Sira 17:27 One reason for repentance is that in the netherworld there is no loving contact with God (see Pss 6:5; 30:9; 115:17f; Isa 38:18f; Bar 2:17). By repentance human beings come alive and sing the Lord’s praises.
  15. Wisdom of Ben Sira 17:31 The author seems to be saying that human beings are unable to understand God’s plans and are bent toward evil.
  16. Wisdom of Ben Sira 18:1 Even though their dignity is great, human beings remain weak and doomed to death in contrast to the Sovereign Master of the world, the Almighty One who knows no end and whom they can never understand (vv. 5-6).
  17. Wisdom of Ben Sira 18:2 Added by some early MSS.
  18. Wisdom of Ben Sira 18:8 Believers share the questions of all human beings. God’s universal mercy and its pedagogical character constitute a new aspect of the Old Testament.
  19. Wisdom of Ben Sira 18:9 Added by some early MSS.