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Who are you, O great mountain?[a] Before Zerubbabel you become a plain. He will bring forth the first stone amid shouts of ‘Favor, favor be upon it!’”

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Footnotes

  1. 4:7 Great mountain: part of symbolic imagery for the Temple on Mount Zion, as embodiment of the cosmic mountain where heaven and earth connect. Plain: leveled ground serving as the foundation area for the construction of the Temple, and symbolizing the foundation of the cosmos. First stone: foundation stone of a major public building. Such stones were laid with great ceremony in foundation rituals when monumental buildings were newly built or rebuilt in the biblical world.

“What are you, mighty mountain? Before Zerubbabel you will become level ground.(A) Then he will bring out the capstone(B) to shouts(C) of ‘God bless it! God bless it!’”

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