FOWL (צִפּﯴר֒, H7606, fowl, bird, sparrow. See Sparrow for discussion. עוּפ֒, H6414, fowl [61], bird [9] KJV. Fowl [1], bird [68], insect [1] [Lev 11:20] RSV. עַ֫יִט, H6514, bird [1], ravenous bird [1], fowl [4] KJV, bird [6] RSV; πετεινόν, G4374, bird [5], fowl [9] KJV; ὄρνεον, G3997, bird [1], fowl [2] KJV. In NT RSV tr. bird throughout). The usage of Eng. “fowl” has changed radically since the 16th cent. Then it was a common word for birds generally; “bird” (also Old Eng.) was first used for young birds, but a more general meaning was already being attached to it. “Fowl,” as a general word, is now listed as obsolete, and “bird” has replaced it in all but a few specialized uses; e.g. popular for domestic chicken; hunted birds are wildfowl. A fowler (Ps 91:3) is still one who traps or shoots wild birds. RSV retains “fowl” for birds that are eaten (see Chicken), but otherwise trs. birds. Greek πετεινόν, G4374, and πτηνόν mean “winged” and have general meaning, though most often tr. “bird.” One or two fig. passages, e.g. James 3:7 may have wider meaning. See Sparrow.