GALBANUM (חֶלְבְּנָה, H2697; χαλβάνη). This is the Syrian gum of Exodus 30:34. It is a fourth of the sacred perfumes of the OT, called “pure and holy.” Galbanum is the brownish gum or resin of the plant, Ferula galbaniflua, a Mediterranean herbaceous perennial. It has thick stalks, yellow flowers, and fern-like green foliage. The gum exudes from the lower part of the stem.

Galbanum, when collected, is in both irregular and symmetrical drops. It may be yellowy-green or lightish brown, and has a musky, pungent smell. The particular value of Galbanum is the fact that it “holds” the scent of a mixed perfume, and allows of its “distribution” over a long period. It is also mentioned in the Apoc. (Ecclus 24:15).