GOLDSMITH. The goldsmith, like the silversmith, was called a refiner or purifier, צﯴרֵ֑ף, in Heb. (Mal 3:2, 3). His major work was to hammer gold into shape, or cast it in a mold to form the object desired. The goldsmith fashioned both gold and goldplated idols (Jer 10:9; 51:17). Gold plating was placed over an idol carved from wood, using nails to hold the gold plate in place (Isa 41:7). Probably the goldsmiths, mentioned in the Heb. Nehemiah 3:8, 31, 32, were jewelers. See also Gold and Artificer.

Bibliography R. J. Forbes, “Studies in Ancient Technology,” vol. VIII, ch. 5 (1964).