1:14 redemption. In Rom. 8:23 Paul speaks of a bodily redemption still to be anticipated. Here redemption is understood as the forgiveness of sins and is something that has already been given (note the “once . . . now” pattern of vv. 21, 22; cf. 2:13, 17, 20; 3:9, 10). Compare Paul’s approach to the Corinthians, who overemphasized the “already” of salvation and neglected what is yet to come (1 Cor. 4:8–13; ch. 15).

the forgiveness of sins. See 2:13 and note.