2:21 choice vine . . . wild vine. The “vine” metaphor is frequently used for Israel (12:10; Ps. 80:8–16; Is. 5:1–7; Ezek. 17:1–10). Jesus Christ is the true vine, and those who abide in Him are the branches (John 15:1–8).

wild. Lit. “foreign.” Foreignness here connotes pagan religious practices.