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[a]Realize then that it is those who have faith who are children of Abraham.(A)

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Footnotes

  1. 3:7–9 Faith is what matters, for Abraham and the children of Abraham, in contrast to the claims of the opponents that circumcision and observance of the law are needed to bring the promised blessing of Gn 12:3; cf. Gn 18:18; Sir 44:21; Acts 3:25.

14 that the blessing of Abraham might be extended to the Gentiles through Christ Jesus, so that we might receive the promise of the Spirit through faith.(A)

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16 Now the promises were made to Abraham and to his descendant.[a] It does not say, “And to descendants,” as referring to many, but as referring to one, “And to your descendant,” who is Christ.(A)

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Footnotes

  1. 3:16 Descendant: literally, “and to his seed.” The Hebrew, as in Gn 12:7; 15:18; 22:17–18, is a collective singular, traditionally rendered as a plural, descendants, but taken by Paul in its literal number to refer to Christ as descendant of Abraham.

18 For if the inheritance comes from the law,(A) it is no longer from a promise; but God bestowed it on Abraham through a promise.[a]

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Footnotes

  1. 3:18 This refutes the opponents’ contention that the promises of God are fulfilled only as a reward for human observance of the law.

16 For this reason, it depends on faith, so that it may be a gift, and the promise may be guaranteed to all his descendants, not to those who only adhere to the law but to those who follow the faith of Abraham, who is the father of all of us,(A) 17 as it is written, “I have made you father of many nations.” He is our father in the sight of God, in whom he believed, who gives life to the dead and calls into being what does not exist.(B)

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nor are they all children of Abraham because they are his descendants; but “It is through Isaac that descendants shall bear your name.”(A)

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Chapter 4

God’s Free Children in Christ.[a] I mean that as long as the heir is not of age,[b] he is no different from a slave, although he is the owner of everything,

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Footnotes

  1. 4:1–7 What Paul has argued in Gal 3:26–29 is now elaborated in terms of the Christian as the heir (Gal 4:1, 7; cf. Gal 3:18, 29) freed from control by others. Again, as in Gal 3:2–5, the proof that Christians are children of God is the gift of the Spirit of Christ relating them intimately to God.
  2. 4:1, 3 Not of age: an infant or minor.

So you are no longer a slave but a child, and if a child then also an heir, through God.(A)

Do Not Throw This Freedom Away.[a]

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Footnotes

  1. 4:8–11 On the basis of the arguments advanced from Gal 3:1 through Gal 4:7, Paul now launches his appeal to the Galatians with the question, how can you turn back to the slavery of the law (Gal 4:9)? The question is posed with reference to bondage to the elemental powers (see note on Gal 4:3) because the Galatians had originally been converted to Christianity from paganism, not Judaism (Gal 4:8). The use of the direct question is like Gal 3:3–5.

Inheritance Through Faith. 13 It was not through the law that the promise was made to Abraham and his descendants that he would inherit the world, but through the righteousness that comes from faith.(A) 14 For if those who adhere to the law are the heirs, faith is null and the promise is void.(B)

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17 and if children, then heirs, heirs of God and joint heirs with Christ, if only we suffer with him so that we may also be glorified with him.(A)

Destiny of Glory.[a]

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Footnotes

  1. 8:18–27 The glory that believers are destined to share with Christ far exceeds the sufferings of the present life. Paul considers the destiny of the created world to be linked with the future that belongs to the believers. As it shares in the penalty of corruption brought about by sin, so also will it share in the benefits of redemption and future glory that comprise the ultimate liberation of God’s people (Rom 8:19–22). After patient endurance in steadfast expectation, the full harvest of the Spirit’s presence will be realized. On earth believers enjoy the firstfruits, i.e., the Spirit, as a guarantee of the total liberation of their bodies from the influence of the rebellious old self (Rom 8:23).

12 so that you may not become sluggish, but imitators of those who, through faith and patience,(A) are inheriting the promises.[a]

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Footnotes

  1. 6:12 Imitators of those…inheriting the promises: the author urges the addressees to imitate the faith of the holy people of the Old Testament, who now possess the promised goods of which they lived in hope. This theme will be treated fully in Hb 6:11.

Listen, my beloved brothers. Did not God choose those who are poor[a] in the world to be rich in faith and heirs of the kingdom that he promised to those who love him?(A)

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Footnotes

  1. 2:5 The poor, “God’s poor” of the Old Testament, were seen by Jesus as particularly open to God for belief in and reliance on him alone (Lk 6:20). God’s law cannot tolerate their oppression in any way (Jas 2:9).