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Book II
Psalms 42–72

Psalms 42 & 43

An Exile’s Prayer: Why Are You Cast Down?[a]

Heading

For the choir director. A maskil[b] by the Sons of Korah.[c]

Longing for the Temple

As a doe pants for streams of water,
so my soul pants for you, O God.
My soul thirsts for God, for the living God.
When can I go and appear before God?[d]
My tears have been food for me day and night,
while people are saying to me all day,
“Where is your God?”

I am overcome by my emotions
whenever I remember these things:
    how I used to arrive with the crowd,
    as I led the procession to the house of God,
    with loud shouts of thanksgiving,
    with the crowd celebrating the festival.

Refrain

Why are you so depressed,[e] O my soul?
Why so disturbed within me?
Hope in God, for I will again praise him
    for salvation from his presence.[f]

Remembrance of the Lord

My God, my soul is depressed within me.
Therefore I will remember you from the land of the Jordan,
from the heights of Hermon, from Mount Mizar.
Deep calls to deep in the roar of your rapids.
All your breakers and your waves have swept over me.
By day the Lord commands his mercy,
and at night his song is with me—a prayer to the God of my life.
I say to God my Rock, “Why have you forgotten me?
Why must I go around mourning because of oppression by the enemy?”
10 It is like breaking my bones when my foes taunt me.
All day long they say to me, “Where is your God?”

Refrain

11 Why are you so depressed, O my soul?
Why so disturbed within me?
Hope in God, for I will again praise him
    for my salvation from the face of my God.[g]

Psalm 43

A Plea for Vindication

Judge me justly, O God,
and plead my case against an ungodly nation.
Rescue me from the deceitful, wicked man.
I know you are God, my stronghold.
Why have you rejected me?
Why must I go around mourning
    because of oppression by the enemy?
Send out your light and your truth.
Let them guide me.
Let them bring me to your holy mountain,
to your dwelling.
Then I will go to the altar of God,
to God, my joy and gladness.
Then I will praise you with the lyre, O God, my God.

Refrain

Why are you so depressed, O my soul?
Why so disturbed within me?
Hope in God, for I will again praise him
    for my salvation from the face of my God.[h]

Psalm 44

Past Victory—Present Defeat

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For the choir director. By the Sons of Korah. A maskil.

Past Victory

God, our ears have heard.
Our fathers have told us the work you performed
    in their days, in days long ago.
By your hand you drove out the nations,
but you planted your people.
You crushed the peoples,
but you sent your people forward.
For it was not by their sword
    that they took possession of the land.
It was not their arm that saved them.
It was your right hand and your arm,
and the light from your face,
because you took pleasure in them.

Present Trust

You are the one who is my King, O God.
Command victories for Jacob.
Through you we drive back our foes.
Through your name we trample our adversaries.
For I do not trust in my bow,
and my sword does not save me.
But you save us from our foes,
and you put those who hate us to shame.
In God we make our boast all day,
and we will praise your name forever. Interlude

Present Defeat

But now you have rejected and humbled us,
and you do not go out with our armies.
10 You made us turn back before the foe,
and those who hate us have taken plunder for themselves.
11 You give us up for food like sheep,
and you have scattered us among the nations.
12 You sold your people for no great price,
and you have not profited from their sale.
13 You have made us a reproach to our neighbors,
scorn and ridicule to those around us.
14 You have made us a laughingstock among the nations,
a reason for the peoples to shake their heads.
15 All day my disgrace is right in front of me,
and the shame on my face covers me,
16 because of the voice of the slanderer and reviler,
because of the enemy and avenger.
17 All this came on us, though we had not forgotten you.
We had not been false to your covenant.
18 Our hearts had not turned back.
Our steps had not slipped off your path.
19 But you crushed us and made us a home for jackals,
and you covered us with the shadow of death.
20 If we had forgotten the name of our God
or spread out our hands to a foreign god,
21 would not God have discovered this,
since he knows the secrets of the heart?
22 Yet for your sake we are killed all day long.
We are considered sheep to be slaughtered.

Present Plea

23 Get up! Why do you sleep, O Lord? Wake up!
Do not reject us forever.
24 Why do you hide your face?
Why do you forget our misery and our oppression?
25 For our souls bow down to the dust.
Our bellies cling to the earth.
26 Stand up! Help us!
Redeem us because of your mercy.

Psalm 45

The Wedding of the Victorious King

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For the choir director. According to “Lilies.”[i]
By the Sons of Korah. A maskil. A love song.

Introduction

My heart is bubbling over with a beautiful theme.
I am reciting my works for the King.
My tongue is the pen of a rapid writer.

The Glory of the Royal Groom

You are the most beautiful of the sons of Adam.
Grace is poured out on your lips.
Therefore God has blessed you forever.

Strap your sword on your thigh, you mighty warrior,
    in your splendor and your majesty.
In your majesty advance successfully.
Ride forward in the cause of truth, humility, and righteousness.
Let your right hand teach you awesome deeds.
Your arrows are sharpened.
Let peoples fall beneath you.
Your arrows are in the heart of the king’s enemies.

Your throne, O God, is forever and ever.
The scepter of your kingdom is a scepter of justice.
You love righteousness and hate wickedness.
Therefore God, your God, has anointed you with the oil of joy
    more than any of your companions.

Myrrh, aloes, and cassia perfume all your garments.
From ivory palaces stringed instruments make you glad.
Daughters of kings are among your honored attendants.
The royal wife[j] stands at your right hand in gold from Ophir.

The Beauty of the Bride

10 Hear, O daughter, look and listen.
Forget your people and your father’s house,
11 because the king desires your beauty.
Because he is your lord, bow down to him.
12 Then the daughter of Tyre will come with a gift.
The richest people will seek your favor.
13 The princess, who waits inside, is all glorious.
Her dress is interwoven with gold.
14 In embroidered garments she is led to the king.
Virgins who follow her as attendants are brought to you.
15 They are brought with joyful celebration.
They enter the palace of the king.

The Glory of the King’s Children

16 Your sons will take the place of your fathers.
You will make them princes in all the earth.
17 I will preserve the memory of your name through all generations.
Therefore peoples will praise you forever and ever.

Psalm 46

The King’s Reign

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For the choir director. By the Sons of Korah.
According to alamoth.[k] A song.

The Earth Shaken

God is our refuge and strength,
a helper who can always be found in times of trouble.
That is why we will not fear when the earth dissolves
and when the mountains tumble into the heart of the sea.
Its waters roar and foam.
The mountains quake when it rises. Interlude

A City Unshaken

There is a river—its streams bring joy to the city of God,
to the holy dwelling of the Most High.
God is in her. She will not fall.
God will help her at daybreak.
Nations are in turmoil. Kingdoms fall.
God raises his voice. The earth melts.
The Lord of Armies is with us.
The God of Jacob is a fortress for us. Interlude
Come, look at the works of the Lord.
What a wasteland he has made of the earth!
He makes wars cease to the end of the earth.
He shatters the bow. He cuts up the spear.
He burns the carts[l] with fire.
10 “Be still, and know that I am God.
I will be exalted among the nations.
I will be exalted on the earth.”

11 The Lord of Armies is with us.
The God of Jacob is a fortress for us. Interlude

Psalm 47

The King’s Empire

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For the choir director. By the Sons of Korah. A psalm.

Praise the Great King of All the Earth!

All you peoples, clap your hands!
Shout to God! Sing a loud song!

Yes, the Lord Most High is awesome.
He is the great King over all the earth!
He subdues peoples under us
and nations under our feet.
He chooses our inheritance for us.
It is the pride of Jacob, whom he loves. Interlude
God has ascended with a joyful shout.
The Lord goes up with the sound of the ram’s horn.

Make music for God! Make music!
Make music for our King! Make music!
For God is the King of all the earth.
Make music for him with a wise song.

God reigns as king over the nations.
God is seated on his holy throne.
The nobles of the peoples come together
    as the people of the God of Abraham.
Yes, the shields of the earth[m] belong to God.
He is greatly exalted.

Psalm 48

The Security of the King’s Holy City

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A song. A psalm by the Sons of Korah.

Call to Praise

The Lord is great. He deserves to be praised
    in the city of our God, on his holy mountain.
His mountain is lofty and beautiful, the joy of the whole earth.
Mount Zion, the northern mountain, is the city of the Great King.
God is in her citadels.
He is famous as her fortress.

Defeat of the Enemies

Look! See! The kings came together.
They advanced together.
They saw. Yes, they were amazed.
They were terrified. They were put to flight.
Trembling seized them there,
pain like a woman giving birth.
You shattered them with an east wind, like ships of Tarshish.

Thanksgiving

What we have heard, we now have also seen:
    In the city of the Lord of Armies,
    in the city of our God, Interlude
    God establishes her forever.
Inside your temple, O God, we meditate on your mercy.
10 Your praise, O God, reaches to the ends of the earth,
just as your fame does.
Righteousness fills your right hand.
11 Mount Zion rejoices.
The daughters of Judah[n] celebrate because of your judgments.
12 Go around Zion. Yes, go all the way around her.
Count her towers. 13 Consider her rampart.[o]
View her citadels, so that you may tell the next generation about them.
14 For this God is our God forever and ever.
He will guide us beyond death.[p]

Psalm 49

The Fool Trusts in Riches

Heading
For the choir director. By the Sons of Korah. A psalm.

Introduction

Hear this, all you peoples.
Pay attention, all you inhabitants of this world,
all you children of Adam, all mankind,
rich and poor alike.
My mouth will speak wisdom.
The meditation of my heart will give understanding.
I will listen carefully to wise teaching.
With a lyre I will explain deep truths.

The Limitations of Riches

Why should I fear days of trouble,
days when the wickedness of my pursuers surrounds me?[q]
They trust in their wealth.
They place their confidence in the abundance of their riches.
But no one can by any means redeem himself.[r]
He cannot give God a ransom for himself—
(Yes, the ransom for their souls is costly.
Any payment would fall short.)[s]
—so that he could live on forever and not see the pit.
10 Yes, we can see that wise men die.
The fool and the senseless alike perish,
and they leave their wealth to others.
11 They think their houses will remain forever,
their dwellings for generation after generation[t]
because they named lands after themselves.
12 But man, though he has riches, does not even spend a night here.
He is like the animals that perish.
13 This way of theirs is foolishness,
but their followers approve of what they say. Interlude
14 They are like a flock destined for the grave.
Death will be their shepherd.
The upright will rule over them in the morning.
Their bodies will be consumed by the grave,
    far from their mansions.[u]

The Limitless Power of God

15 But surely God will redeem my life from the power of the grave.
Yes, he will take me to himself. Interlude

Review and Conclusion

16 Do not be afraid when a man grows rich,
when the glory of his house increases,
17 because when he dies, he cannot take anything along.
His glory will not go down with him.
18 Throughout his life he congratulates himself:
“People praise you because you have done so well for yourself.”
19 He will go to the gathering place of his fathers.
They will never see the light!
20 A man who has riches but does not understand
    is like the animals that perish.

Footnotes

  1. Psalm 42:1 These two psalms are treated as a unit since they are united by a common theme, a common refrain, and a single heading.
  2. Psalm 42:1 Maskil is a musical term of uncertain meaning. It may be a skillful song or a song that gives wisdom. This form is used also in Psalms 44 and 45.
  3. Psalm 42:1 The Sons of Korah were a group of levitical musicians, who apparently were descendants of the Korah who rebelled against Moses. In this section of Psalms, Psalms 42–49 were written by them.
  4. Psalm 42:2 A different reading of the Hebrew verb yields the translation see the face of God.
  5. Psalm 42:5 Literally bowed down or cast down
  6. Psalm 42:5 Many translations emend this verse to agree with verses 42:11 and 43:5.
  7. Psalm 42:11 Literally the salvation of my face and my God
  8. Psalm 43:5 Literally the salvation of my face and my God
  9. Psalm 45:1 This may be the name of the tune.
  10. Psalm 45:9 This may refer to the queen mother (Song 3:11). The next section is addressed to the King’s bride.
  11. Psalm 46:1 Alamoth is a musical term of uncertain meaning. It probably refers to a method of tuning the instruments.
  12. Psalm 46:9 Or shields. If we keep the reading carts, it refers to the two-wheeled supply carts, not to the war chariots.
  13. Psalm 47:9 Or, less literally, the rulers of the earth
  14. Psalm 48:11 That is, the towns around Jerusalem and their inhabitants
  15. Psalm 48:13 Or moat
  16. Psalm 48:14 Some Hebrew manuscripts read guide us forever.
  17. Psalm 49:5 The line is unclear. The Hebrew reads the wickedness of my heels surrounds me.
  18. Psalm 49:7 The translation follows a few Hebrew manuscripts. Many Hebrew manuscripts read he cannot redeem a brother.
  19. Psalm 49:8 The line is cryptic: it/he ceases forever. This may mean that no payment is ever enough or that at death the man’s earthly life ends forever.
  20. Psalm 49:11 The translation follows the Hebrew. Ancient versions read their tombs will remain their houses forever.
  21. Psalm 49:14 The Hebrew of this line reads their form for consuming of Sheol, from a lofty residence to him. The meaning is unclear.